Chapter 3 : Molecules of the Cell (Notes 2)

Question 1

Sex hormones are examples of

Answer 1

Simple compounds that differ only in functional groups

Question 2

4 classes of organic molecules

Answer 2

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids

Question 3

Polymers

Answer 3

Macromolecules consisting of identical or similar molecular building blocks bonded together

Question 4

Mononers

Answer 4

Smaller, building blocks of polymers

- make macromolecules

Question 5

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 5

links monomers in a reaction that removes water

Question 6

Functions of a dehydration reaction

Answer 6

The unlinked monomer will have a OH- group and the linked monomer will have a H+ ion

Question 7

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 7

Reversal of dehydration that adds a OH- group to one monomer and a H+ ion to the other monomer effectively breaking their bond and separates the molecules

Question 8

Starch

Answer 8

Polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers, and used by plants for energy storage

Question 9

Glycogen

Answer 9

Polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers, and used by animals for energy storage in the liver

Question 10

Cellulose

Answer 10

Polymer of glucose and forms plant cell walls

Question 11

Chitin

Answer 11

Polysaccharide and used by insects and crustaceans to build an exoskeleton

Question 12

Functions of lipids

Answer 12

Long - term energy storage

Question 13

Lipid Structure

Answer 13

Consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 14

3 types of lipids

Answer 14

Fats (triglycerides)
Phospholipids
Steroids (sterols)

Question 15

Fats

Answer 15

Large lipids made from fatty acids linked to glycerol by a dehydration reaction

Question 16

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Answer 16

Fatty acids that contain one or more double bond
and one less hydrogen atom
- don’t pack together tightly or solidify at room temperature (liquid oils)

Question 17

Saturated Fatty acids

Answer 17

No double bonds (maximum number of hydrogens bonded to each carbon
-hydrogens pack tightly together or “saturate” and are solid at room temp

Question 18

Hydrogenated vegetable oils

Answer 18

Unsaturated fats that have been converted to saturated fats by adding hydrogen

Question 19

Phospholipid structure

Answer 19

contain 2 fatty acids attached to glycerol and a phosphate group