Chapter 3 : Molecules of the Cell (Notes 3)

Question 1

Steroids

Answer 1

lipids in which the carbon skeleton contains 4 fused rings

Question 2

Sterols

Answer 2

Subgroup of unsaturated steroids that typically form a waxy solid including cholesterol

Question 3

Protein Function

Answer 3

Involved in nearly every function of your body including building our organs and speeding up chemical reactions

Question 4

Protein Structure

Answer 4

Composed of various arrangments of 20 amino acid monomers joined together by peptide bonds

Question 5

Amino acid structure

Answer 5

Made of amino group and a carboxyl group

Question 6

Types of proteins

Answer 6

Enzymes 
Structural proteins 
Contractile proteins 
Defensive proteins 
Signal proteins 
Receptor proteins 
Transport proteins 
Storage proteins

Question 7

Enzymes

Answer 7

Serve as medical catalysts and regulate the chemical reactions within cells

Question 8

Structural proteins

Answer 8

Provide associations between body parts

Question 9

Contractile proteins

Answer 9

Actin and myosin within muscle cells

Question 10

Defensive proteins

Answer 10

Antibodies and antigens of the immune system

Question 11

Signal proteins

Answer 11

Hormones and other chemical messengers of the body

Question 12

Receptor proteins

Answer 12

Transmit signals into cells

Question 13

Transport proteins

Answer 13

Carry oxygen and other substances into/out of cells

Question 14

Storage proteins

Answer 14

Serve as a source of amino acids for developing embryos

Question 15

Denature (denaturation)

Answer 15

Process of breaking down a protein

Question 16

Primary structure

Answer 16

Unique amino acid sequence, determined by genetic information

Question 17

Secondary structure

Answer 17

Helical structure called an alpha helix which then folds into a beta pleated sheet

Question 18

Tertiary structure

Answer 18

Overall 3D structure of the protein

- caused by interactions between the the R groups of the various amino acids

Question 19

Quaternary structure

Answer 19

multiple polypeptide chains joining together

Question 20

Nucleic acid

Answer 20

Macromolecule polymer, or a polynucleotide, formed from the nucleotide monomers DNA or RNA

Question 21

Nucleotide

Answer 21

Monomer consisting of 3 units: 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

Question 22

Genes

Answer 22

Discrete units of inheritance that encode for amino acid sequence of a polypeptides or protein