Chapter 3 Movement systems

Question 1

Nervous Tissue

Answer 1

Tissue found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that coordinates body activities

Question 2

Neurons

Answer 2

Fundamental component of the brain and nervous system, capable of transmitting information to and from other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Question 3

Neuroglia (glial cells)

Answer 3

Neural tissues that support, insulate, and protect neurons

Question 4

Neurosecretory tissues

Answer 4

Neurons that translate neural signals into chemical stimuli (makes neurohormones that are released into the blood stream such as oxytocin)

Question 5

Cell body
(Neuron component)

Answer 5

The core structure of a neuron containing a nucleus and other specialized organelles they aid in nervous system function. Provides energy to drive action.

Question 6

Axon
(Neuron component)

Answer 6

A thin tail-like structure of a neuron that generates and conducts nerve impulses.

Question 7

Dendrites
(Neuron component)

Answer 7

Rootlike structure branching out from the cell body that receive and process signals from axons of other neurons.

Question 8

Sensory neurons

Answer 8

Send information to the brain and spinal cord in respond to tactile (sense of touch), auditory or visual stimuli.

Question 9

Motor neurons

Answer 9

Receive information from the brain or spinal cord produce muscular contractions or activate glands.

Question 10

Interneurons

Answer 10

Connect neurons to other neurons often communicating signals between motor and sensory neurons.

Question 11

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 11

Consists of brain and spinal cord. Control center of body and mind. Receives sensory input and functions to organize, analyze and process information.

Question 12

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 12

Nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord including cranial and spinal nerves throughout the body. Responsible for conveying motor commands, carrying sensory information to the CNS and regulating involuntary functions.

Question 13

Cerebrum
(Brain component)

Answer 13

Uppermost and largest part of the brain; consisting of Left and Right hemispheres; responsible for receiving and processing sensory information and controlling the body.

Question 14

Cerebral Cortex
(Brain component)

Answer 14

Outer portion of the cerebrum, part of the. Rain where most information processing happens. Positioned below the cerebrum and controls conscious motor coordination.

Question 15

Brain stem
(Brain component)

Answer 15

The trunk of the brain consisting of the medial oblongata, pons and midbrain that continues downward to form the spinal cord.

Question 16

Brain stem
(Brain component)

Answer 16

The trunk of the brain consisting of the medial oblongata, pons and midbrain that continues downward to form the spinal cord.

Question 17

Midbrain
(Brain stem)

Answer 17

Responsible for motor movement and processing auditory and visual information

Question 18

Pons
(Brain stem)

Answer 18

Links media oblongata to the thalamus and helps control clerk, breathing, facial expression and movement, and posture.

Question 19

Medulla oblongata
(Brain stem)

Answer 19

Responsible for involuntary functions like coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and heart. Base of the brain stem.

Question 20

Thalamus

Answer 20

Brain regions responsible for relaying sensory and motor signals and regulating consciousness.

Question 21

Cerebrum Left Hemisphere

Answer 21

Language, logical processing, science and math, controls muscles in the Right side.

Question 22

Cerebrum Right Hemisphere

Answer 22

Spatial perception, creativity, intuition, controls muscles in the Left side.

Question 23

Decussation

Answer 23

The point of crossover of the nervous system in vertebrates located between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord.

Question 24

Frontal lobe

Answer 24

Front of the brain involved in motor control, emotion and language.

Question 25

Motor cortex (Frontal lobe)

Answer 25

Responsible for planning and coordination of movement.

Question 26

Prefrontal cortex (Frontal lobe)

Answer 26

Responsible for problem-solving, impulsivity, attention, and language.

Question 27

Parietal lobe

Answer 27

Responsible for processing sensory information. Directly behind frontal lobe.

Question 28

Somatosensatory cortex (Parietal lobe)

Answer 28

Processes sensations like pain, temperature and touch.

Question 29

Temporal lobe

Answer 29

Near temples, responsible for processing hearing, memory; emotion, and some parts of language.

Question 30

Auditory cortex (Temporal lobe)

Answer 30

Responsible for hearing

Question 31

Occipital lobe

Answer 31

Posterior lobe responsible for vision.

Question 32

Visual cortex (Occipital lobe)

Answer 32

Responsible for sight and visual perception.

Question 33

Hypothalamus

Answer 33

Region at the base of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis.

Question 34

Homeostasis

Answer 34

A self-regulating process by which the body maintains the stability of its optimal physiological processes such as pH balance, temperature, blood glucose and blood pressure.

Question 35

Spinal chord

Answer 35

A tube of nervous tissue extending from the medulla oblongata to the lumbar region (lower back) of the vertebral column. Connection point between brain and body- all nerve impulses travel through the spinal cord to/from the brain.

Question 36

Vertebrae

Answer 36

Bones of the spine protecting the spinal cord

Question 37

Meninges

Answer 37

Membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord

Question 38

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 38

Fluid that acts as a cushion and protects the brain and spinal cord.

Question 39

12 Cranial Nerves (Peripheral Nervous system)

Answer 39

The 12 sensory and motor nerves extending directly from the brain. Sends/receives sensory information and relays motor and autonomic signals between the brain, spinal cord and body.

Question 40

31 Spinal Nerves Peripheral nervous system

Answer 40

Bundles of nerves connected to the spinal cord carrying information toward the periphery. Reflexes are not processed by the brain. Reflexes are involuntary reactions to a stimulus processed within the spinal cord.

Question 41

Ganglia

Answer 41

Clusters of neurons that act as relay stations, receiving sensory information from PNS and sending it to the CNS for processing. Plays a role in controlling autonomic functions such as heart rate, digestion and sweating.

Question 42

Efferent neurons

Answer 42

Motor neurons sending information from the CNS to the muscles to generate movement.