Chapter 3: Multicellular Diversity

Question 1

alga

Answer 1

a unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic, aquatic protist

Question 2

plant

Answer 2

a multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryote with cellulose based cell walls

Question 3

sporic reproduction

Answer 3

sexual reproduction that alternates between a gamete making individual and a spore-making individual

Question 4

gametophyte

Answer 4

the haploid plant in sporic reproduction that produces gametes by mitoses

Question 5

sporophyte

Answer 5

the diploid plant in sporic reproduction that produces spore by meiosis

Question 6

embryo

Answer 6

an organism’s pre-birth stage of development

Question 7

bryophyte

Answer 7

a small, non-vascular land plant (Bryophyta is for mosses; a type of bryophyte)

Question 8

gymnosperm

Answer 8

a vascular plant with non-enclosed seeds

Question 9

angiosperm

Answer 9

a vascular plant with seeds enclosed in protective tissue

Question 10

cone

Answer 10

a gymnosperm structure that contains male or female reproductive parts

Question 11

flower

Answer 11

a collection of structures in angiosperms used for sexual reproduction

Question 12

monocot

Answer 12

a major cluster of flowering plants that have one cotyledon

Question 13

dicot

Answer 13

a major cluster of flowering plants that have two cotyledons

Question 14

fungus

Answer 14

a stationary, heterophobic eukaryotic organism who cell walls contain chitin

Question 15

hypha

Answer 15

a multicellular, thread-like filament that makes up the basic structural unit of a fungus

Question 16

myecellium

Answer 16

a complex, net-like mass made of branching hyphae

Question 17

fruiting body

Answer 17

the spore-producing reproductive structure in fungi

Question 18

zygospore

Answer 18

a diploid structure that develops after two haploid hypae of opposite types combine and fuse their nuclei; this structure is a characteristic of zygospore fungi that reproduce sexually during unfavourable conditions

Question 19

ascus

Answer 19

a small finger-like structure in which sac fungi develop spores

Question 20

basidium

Answer 20

a club shaped hypha found in members of the Basidiomycotes; they bear spores called basidiospheres

Question 21

lichen

Answer 21

an organism thy results from a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and photosynthetic plant or alga

Question 22

invertabrae

Answer 22

an animal that does not have a backbone

Question 23

vertabrae

Answer 23

an animal that does have a backbone

Question 24

radial symmetry

Answer 24

a body plan that can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into roughly equal halves

Question 25

bilateral symmetry

Answer 25

a body plan that can be divided along one plane, through the central axis, into equal halves

Question 26

coelom

Answer 26

a fluid-filled body cavity that provides space for the development and suspension of organs and organ systems

Question 27

segmentation

Answer 27

the division of multicellular bodies into a series of repetitive parts

Question 28

polyp

Answer 28

the tube-shaped sessile body form of cnidarians

Question 29

medusa

Answer 29

the umbrella shaped, free-swimming body form of cnidarians

Question 30

mantle

Answer 30

a membrane that surrounds a mollusc’s internal organs

Question 31

exoskeleton

Answer 31

an external skeleton that protects organs, provides support for muscle attachment, and protects against water loss and predation

Question 32

notochord

Answer 32

a flexible, rod-shaped structure found in chordate animals; during vertebrate development it is replaced by the spine

Question 33

cartilage

Answer 33

the flexible, non-bony, tough material found in vertebrate | endoskeletons

Question 34

tetrapod

Answer 34

a vertebrate with two pairs of limbs; an amphibian, reptile, | bird, or mammal

Question 35

ectothermy

Answer 35

the reliance on environmental heat for determining internal body temperature

Question 36

endothermy

Answer 36

the use of metabolic heat to maintain a high, constant body temperature

Question 37

mammary gland

Answer 37

a mammalian gland that produces and secretes milk for nourishing developing young

Question 38

placenta

Answer 38

an organ in the pregnant uterus that exchanges nutrients and oxygen between the mother and developing offspring