Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal system Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
ankyl/o
A
combining form
crooked or stiff
2
Q
arthr/o
A
combining form
joint
3
Q
articul/o
A
combining form
joint
4
Q
brachi/o
A
combining form
arm
5
Q
cervic/o
A
combining form
neck
6
Q
chondr/o
A
combining form
cartilage
7
Q
cost/o
A
combining form
cartilage
8
Q
crani/o
A
combining form
skull
9
Q
dactyl/o
A
combining form
digit (finger/toe)
10
Q
femor/o
A
combining form
femur
11
Q
fibr/o
A
combining form
fiber
12
Q
lumb/o
A
combining form
loin (lower back)
13
Q
myel/o
A
combining form
bone marrow or spinal cord
14
Q
my/o
A
combining form
muscle
15
Q
muscul/o
A
combining form
muscle
16
Q
oste/o
A
combining form
bone
17
Q
patell/o
A
combining form
knee cap
18
Q
pelv/i
A
combining form
pelvis (basin) or hip bone
19
Q
spondyl/o
A
combining form
vertebra
20
Q
ten/o
A
combining form
tendon (to stretch)
21
Q
tend/o
A
combining form
tendon (to stretch)
22
Q
tendin/o
A
combining form
tendon (to stretch)
23
Q
anatomical position
A
term of reference health professionals use when noting body planes, positions, or directions, standing upright(erect), facing forwards, feet pointed forward, with arms at side and palms facing forward
24
Q
coronal or frontal plane
A
vertical division of the body into front or anterior, and back or posterior
25
sagittal plane
vertical division of the body into right and left portions
26
transverse plane
horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions, aka, horizontal plane
27
anterior
front of the body, ventral
28
posterior
back of the body, dorsal
29
myoma
muscle tumor
30
superior
situated above another structure, toward the head, aka cephalic
31
inferior
situated below another structure, away from the head, aka caudal
32
proximal
toward the beginning or origin of a structure, eg proximal aspect of the femur is the area closest to where it attaches to the hip
33
distal
away from the beginning or origin of a structure, eg, distal aspect of the femur is the area at the end of the bone near the knee
34
medial
toward the middle
35
lateral
toward the side
36
erect
normal standing position
37
decubitis
lying down, especially in bed, lateral decubitis is lying on the side, (decumbo=to lay down)
38
prone
lying face down and flat
39
recumbent
lying down
40
supine
horizontal recumbent, lying flat on back
41
flexion
bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased
42
extension
straightening the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased
43
abduction
movement away from the body
44
adduction
movement toward the body
45
rotation
circular movement toward the body
46
eversion
turning outward, that is of the foot
47
inversion
turning inward, foot
48
supination
turning of the palmar surface or plantar surface upwards or forwards
49
pronation
turning of the palmar surface or plantar surface downward or backward
50
dorsiflexion
bending of the foot or the toes upwards
51
plantar flexion
bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
52
range of motion
total motion possible at the joint, described by the terms related to movement, eg, flex, extend, and measured in degrees
53
arthralgia
joint pain
54
atrophy
shrinking of the muscle size
55
flaccid
flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone
56
hypertrophy
increase in the size of tissue, such as muscle
57
myalgia
muscle pain, aka myodynia
58
ostealgia
bone pain, aka osteodynia
59
rigor or rigidity
stiffness, stiff muscle
60
spastic
uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles, causing stiff and awkward movements, resembles spasms
61
tetany
tension, prolonged, continuous muscle contraction
62
tremor
shaking, rhythmic muscular movements
63
ankylosis
stiff joint condition
64
arthritis
inflammation of the joints, characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitations of movement, 100 diff types
65
bony necrosis
bone tissue that has died from a loss of blood supply, eg after bone fracture, aka sequestrum
66
bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
67
chondromalacia
softening of the cartilage
68
fracture
broken or cracked bone
69
myeloma
bone marrow tumor
70
osteoma
bone tumor
71
osteosarcoma
type of malignant bone tumor
72
osteomyelitis
infection of the bone and bone marrow causing inflammation
73
osteoporosis
condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle and to fracture more easily
74
spinal curvatures
curvatures of the spine or spinal column (vertebral column)
75
kyphosis
anteriorly concave curvature of the thoracic spine, hump back condition
76
lordosis
anteriorly convex curvature of the lumbar spine, sway back condition
77
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, s shaped curve
78
osteomalacia
disease marked by softening of the bone caused by vit d deficiency
79
spondylosis
stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae caused by joint degeneration
80
sprain
injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture
81
subluxation
partial dislocation (luxation=dislocation)
82
tendinitis
inflammation of the tendon, aka tendonitis
83
electromyogram
a neurodiagnostic, graphic record of the electrical activity of muscle both at rest and during contractions, used to diagnose neuromusculoskeletal disorders, muscular dystrophy, by a neurologist
84
bone scan
a nuclear scan (radionucleid image) of bone tissue to detect a tumor or malignancy
85
arthrogram
a radiograph of a joint taken after the injection of a contrast medium
86
arthrocentesis
puncture for aspiration of a joint
87
arthrodesis
binding or fusing of joint surfaces
88
arthroscopy
procedure using an arthroscope to examine, diagnose, and repair a joint from within
89
myoplasty
repair of muscle
90
osteotomy
an incision into bone
91
osteoplasty
repair of bone
92
spondylosyndesis
spinal fusion
93
closed reduction
external manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment along with application of an external device to protect and hold the bone in place while healing
94
casting
use of a stiff, solid dressing around a limb or other body part to immobilized it during healing
95
splinting
use of a rigid device to immobilize or restrain a broken bone or injured body part; provides less support than a cast, but can be adjusted more easily to accommodate swelling from an injury
96
traction
application of a pulling force to a fractured bone or dislocated joint to maintain proper position during healing
97
orthosis
use of an orthopedic appliance to maintain a bones position or to provide limb support, eg brace
98
prosthesis
an artificial replacement for a missing body part or a device used to improve a body function, such as an artificial limb, hip or joint
99
analgesic
a drug that relieves pain
100
narcotic
a potent analgesic with addictive properties
