Chapter 3 Notes Flashcards
1
Q
What are the names of the 4 middle colonies?
A
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
2
Q
Who was fighting during the English Civil War?
A
Puritan Parliament vs. King Charles I
3
Q
What happened to King Charles I?
A
He was beheaded?
4
Q
Why was the English Civil War important to the Colonies?
A
- No new English colonies were established during this time. 2. People who were loyal to the King left England for the colonies
5
Q
What occurred during Restoration?
A
Monarchy was restored
6
Q
Who became the King during the Restoration?
A
King Charles II
7
Q
Why was the Restoration called this?
A
King Charles II restored the monarchy
8
Q
Who originally owned the colony of New York?
A
The Dutch….Dutch West India Company
9
Q
What was the colony of New York first called?
A
New Amsterdam
10
Q
Who bought Manhattan and for how much?
A
Peter Minuit for $24 in beads
11
Q
Why was Manhattan an important area to own?
A
it became an important shipping center
12
Q
Who was the governor of New Netherlands when it was attacked by England?
A
Peter Stuyvesant
13
Q
What are something Pete Stuyvesant was known for?
A
- being a strict ruler, 2. raising taxes, 3. many people were against him
14
Q
What happened when England attacked New Netherlands?
A
The Dutch gave up without a fight
15
Q
What happened to New Netherlands after it was taken over by England.
A
It was given to King Charles II’s brother, the Duke of York and became a proprietary colony
16
Q
What is a proprietary colony?
A
A colony in which the owner owned all the land and controlled the government
17
Q
Where did most of New York’s settlers live?
A
In the Hudson River Valley
18
Q
What brought diversity to the area of New York?
A
promises of religious freedom
19
Q
What was one of the fastest growing areas in New York?
A
New York City…12,000 residents by 1683
20
Q
What other state was originally part of New York?
A
New Jersey
21
Q
Where did New Jersey get its name?
A
It was named for the Island of Jersey in the English Channel
22
Q
Why did people move to New Jersey?
A
- promised land and religious freedom, 2. promised representatives in government and trial by jury
23
Q
Since New Jersey was not profitable, what happened?
A
It became a royal colony that was owned by the King
24
Q
To whom did King Charles given Pennsylvania?
A
William Penn
25
What was the Society of Friends
a group of pacifists that did not believe in war
26
What was the nickname of Philadelphia?
the City of Brotherly Love
27
What was Philadelphia known for?
tolerance and equality for all
28
How did Penn get people to move to Pennsylvania?
He distributed pamphlets
29
How was Delaware created?
It was the 3 lower counties in Pennsylvania
30
Why was the area of Delaware given to Penn?
Pennsylvania had not coastline
31
Why did Spain and England become rivals?
1. religion, 2. trading issues
32
For which country did Sir Francis Drake explore?
England
33
Whose ships did Drake attack?
Spain's ships
34
What special honor did Drake receive?
He became knighted by Queen Elizabeth I
35
Why did Drake receive his special honor?
He became the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe
36
War began in 1588 between what two countries?
England and Spain
37
What caused the war in 1588?
King Philip II sent the Spanish Armada to attack England
38
Why did King Philip II send an armada to attack England?
to try to reinstall a Catholic monarch
39
Compare the English ships to the Spanish Armada
the English ships were smaller and faster-could out maneuver the Spanish
40
How did the Spanish Armada react to the English ships?
They retreated to Scotland and regrouped
41
What happened to the Spanish fleet of ships?
Half of them were destroyed in a huge storm
42
Why did it matter that Spain lost the war?
1. It ended Spain's dominance over England 2. Allowed England to rise to power, 3. England started settlements in the new world
43
What happened during England's second attempt to settle in North America?
The settlement of Roanoke disappeared
44
Who lead England's first attempted settlement in North America?
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
45
Why did Gilbert not make a settlement in North America?
He never found a good place to make a settlement
46
What happened to all of the men who went with Gilbert and Raleigh to settle in North America?
They returned home
47
Who led the second English attempt to settle in North America?
John White
48
Who was Virgina Dare?
The first English child born in North America
49
Why did John White leave the settlement in North America?
He returned to England to get supplies
50
How long was White back in England and why was he there that long?
He was there for 3 years because of the war with Spain
51
What does Croatoan mean?
Lost colony
52
What was the name of the first permanent English settlement in North America?
Jamestown ...settled in 1607
53
Where was Jamestown located?
the fort was built on the James River
54
What are 5 reasons it was difficult at first in Jamestown?
1. land was swampy, 2. water was contaminated, 3. no good farmland, 4. malaria, 5. settlers were too lazy
55
What was the common store system used in Jamestown?
all food was placed in a common store house
56
What did the settlers in Jamestown do instead of growing food?
look for gold
57
What was John Smith's rule that saved the colony of Jamestown?
anyone who would not work would not neat Thessalonians 3:10
58
Who replaced Smith to rule Jamestown?
Lord De La Warr
59
What did the people think of Lord De La Warr?
He was a strict ruler
60
Why did settlers stay inside the fort at Jamestown?
The Native Americans were attacking
61
How were conditions under Lord De La Warr's rule?
severe drought, starving, only 60 out of 300 people lived
62
What caused the settlers to not leave Jamestown?
a supply ship arrived
63
What did John Rolfe introduce to the colony?
a less bitter type of tobacco
64
What caused Jamestown to begin to prosper?
the tobacco introduced by Rolfe
65
Who did Rolfe marry?
Pocahontas
66
What was special about Pocahontas?
Her father was Chief Pohatan
67
What happened to Pocahontas after she married Rolfe?
1. became a Christian, 2. changed her name to Rebecca, 3. moved to England, 4. died at age 22
68
What was the name of the first government in Virginia?
House of Burgesses
69
Who made up the House of Burgesses?
2 representatives from each town
70
What was the name of the first representative government in America?
House of Burgesses
71
What was special about the House of Burgesses?
it set precedent for later government
72
Name the 4 New England colonies
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
73
What was another name for the Anglican Church?
The Church of England
74
Who was the head of the Anglican Church?
The King of England
75
Who did the English Catholics believe was the head of the Catholic Church?
the Pope
76
Who were the Puritans?
Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican Church
77
Who were the Separatists?
Protestants who wanted to leave and set up their own church
78
Where did the Separatists travel to start their own church and how did they get there?
They traveled to America aboard the Mayflower
79
Who were the majority of people on the Mayflower?
Strangers
80
Who were the Strangers?
servants, poor farmers
81
Where was the Mayflower headed and why did it not arrive there?
Virginia...a storm set it off course
82
Where did the Mayflower land?
in Massachusetts...Plymouth
83
Why did the Pilgrims call this new area Plymouth?
That was the city in England from where they left
84
Since Plymouth was not covered under Virginia's laws, what did they do to create laws?
created the Mayflower Compact
85
What did the Mayflower Compact say?
They were to be loyal to England and promised to obey the laws for the general good of the colony
86
What did Squanto and Samoset do for the Pilgrims?
They taught them how to plant corn, beans, and pumpkins and how to hunt and fish
87
Who was the author of the first American history book?
William Bradford
88
What was the name of William Bradford's book?
History of Plymouth Plantation
89
What did King Charles I do that upset people?
He was persecuting Puritans
90
What was the name of the land ownership company in Massachusetts?
The Massachusetts Bay Company
91
What was the name of the first college in America?
Harvard
92
Why was Connecticut founded?
People were unhappy with the Puritan leaders in Massachusetts
93
What was the name of the first written constitution in America?
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
94
Why was Rhode Island settled?
colonists were forced out of Massachusetts
95
What was special about Rhode Island?
it was the first colony to allow religious freedom
96
Where was the first Baptist church located in America?
Rhode Island
97
Name the 5 Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
98
Who settled Maryland?
Sir George Calvert
99
What was Sir George Calvert's nickname?
Lord Baltimore
100
Why did Calvert settle Maryland?
he wanted a colony for Catholics who were being persecuted
101
What happened to Calvert before he received his land grant from the King?
He died...land went to his son Celilius Calvert...who never lived there
102
What was the name of the first settlement in Maryland?
Baltimore
103
What 2 crops did Maryland grow to earn money?
tobacco and corn
104
What did Lord Baltimore do for his friends?
He gave large estates to wealthy friends...brought wealth and power to them
105
What settled the border dispute between Pennsylvania and Maryland?
Mason and Dixon (astronomer and surveyor) spent 5 years laying out boundary stones between colonies
106
What is the Mason Dixon Line?
An imaginary line that separates the North from the South...made of blocks of limestone
107
What did the government of Virginia forbid its settlers to do?
They forbade movement into Native America territory
108
What was Nathaniel Bacon known for?
leading a raid on the Native villages
109
What caused the separation of Virginia into Western Virginia and Eastern Virginia?
People were upset by Bacon's raid
110
What happened as a result of Bacon's raid?
1. Jamestown was burned down, 2. Governor Berkeley is run out of town
111
What happened when Bacon died?
British troops restored order to Virginia
112
What was important about the British troops restoring Virginia after Bacon died?
showed that settlers would not be restricted to the coast
113
Who was the colony of Carolina named after?
King Charles II
114
Why was Carolina split into two colonies?
economic differences
115
What crops did North Carolina depend upon?
tobacco and forest products...no good port...relied upon Virginia
116
What crops did South Carolina depend upon?
rice and indigo
117
Which part of Carolina became more prosperous and why?
The southern part...fertile farmland and access to ports
118
How much of Carolina was made up of slaves?
more than 1/2 of the residents
119
Who was Georgia named after?
King George II
120
Who founded Georgia?
James Oglethorpe
121
Why was Georgia founded?
wanted a colony for debtors to get a new start
122
What did people think of Oglethorpe and why?
He was very opinionated...wanted hardworking, independent Protestants to live there
123
What 3 things were outlawed in Georgia?
1. slaves, 2. rum, 3. Catholics
124
What happened to Georgia when Oglethorpe gave up?
It became a Royal colony
125
Why was Georgia called a "buffer colony"?
It protected the other colonies from Spanish in Florida
126
What was the focus of France in settling North America?
focus on trading fish and fur...NOT on establishing settlements
127
Who were Joliet and Marquette?
French who explored the Mississippi River...looking for gold
128
What was special about the Mississippi River?
empties into the Gulf of Mexico
129
Who were Cavelier and de La Salle?
French men who explored the Mississippi River and claimed it for France...founded New Orleans
130
Why did the French have better relationships with the Native Americans than the English did?
the French did not try to take the Native American land
