Chapter 3. Organelles.

Question 0

Breaks down ingested substances, old organelles, and cytoplasmic molecules

Answer 0

Lysosomes

Question 1

Synthesizes proteins

Answer 1

Ribosome

Question 2

Light energy converted into organic compounds.

Answer 2

Chloroplast.

Question 3

Houses pigments and stores starches.

Answer 3

Plastid.

Question 4

Provides storage.

Answer 4

Vacuole.

Question 5

Provide locomotion or move substances over the outer surface of the cell.

Answer 5

Flagella/Cilia.

Question 6

Prepares substances to be secreted by the cell.

Answer 6

Golgi apparatus.

Question 7

Controls movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Answer 7

Cell membrane.

Question 8

Protects and supports cell.

Answer 8

Cell wall.

Question 9

Provides structure for the cell, necessary for movement and reproduction.

Answer 9

Cytoskeleton.

Question 10

Collects and pumps water out of the cell.

Answer 10

Contractile vacuole.

Question 11

Synthesizes proteins and sterols and transports materials within the cell.

Answer 11

Endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 12

Provides storage, may contain enzymes for specific reasons.

Answer 12

Vesicle.

Question 13

Flattened sacs that make up chloroplasts.

Answer 13

Thylakoids.

Question 14

Transforms energy stored in sugars to usable cellular energy.

Answer 14

Mitochondrion.

Question 15

Stacks thylakoids are arranged into.

Answer 15

Grana.

Question 16

Stores DNA, produces RNA.

Answer 16

Nucleus.

Question 17

Provides storage; regulates turgidity of cell.

Answer 17

Central vacuole.

Question 18

Organisms composed of just one cell.

Answer 18

Unicellular.

Question 19

Organism made of many cells.

Answer 19

Mulitcellular.

Question 20

A collection of similar cells living together.

Answer 20

Colonial.

Question 21

A group if similar cells that work together to carry out a specific function.

Answer 21

Tissue.

Question 22

Composed of several types of tissues working together to preform a specific function.

Answer 22

Organs.

Question 23

Made up if a group of organs that work together to accomplish life functions.

Answer 23

Organ system.

Question 24

Transport of dissolved substances into cells to serve as build in blocks or energy sources.

Answer 24

Absorption.

Question 25

Enzymatic breakdown of substances to obtain building materials or energy.

Answer 25

Digestion.

Question 26

List the three statements that make up the cell theory.

Answer 26

1. ) all living things are made up of cells. 2. ) cells preform all functions of living things. 3. ) cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 27

Type of active transport. Process cells use to transport substances in bulk across the membrane and into the cell.

Answer 27

Endocytosis.

Question 28

Type of active transport. The process whereby vesicles or vacuoles in the cytoplasm fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents into the solution outside the cell.

Answer 28

Exocytosis.

Question 29

Non membrane bound cells.

Answer 29

Procaryotic.

Question 30

Membrane bound cells.

Answer 30

Eukaryotic.

Question 31

Diffusion by water through a semi permeable membrane.

Answer 31

Osmosis.

Question 32

Study of cells.

Answer 32

Cytology.

Question 33

"Steady state".

Answer 33

Homeostasis.

Question 34

Limit of tolerance.

Answer 34

Cells die outside.

Question 35

Precise conditions at which something functions its best.

Answer 35

Optimal point.

Question 36

Outside of the optimal range.

Answer 36

Range of tolerance.

Question 37

Not the optimal point, but cell's performance is still stable.

Answer 37

Optimal range.

Question 38

External solutes = internal solutes.

Answer 38

Isotonic solution.

Question 39

External solutes < internal solutes.

Answer 39

Hypotonic solution.

Question 40

External solutes > internal solutes.

Answer 40

Hypertonic solution.

Question 41

The bursting of a cell from internal water pressure.

Answer 41

Cytolysis.

Question 42

Water leaves the cell. Cell loses its turgidity and then the cell membrane pulls away from the cell.

Answer 42

Plasmolysis.

Question 43

Mvmt of molecules across the surface of the membrane with the concentration gradient and w/o using chemical energy.

Answer 43

Passive transport.

Question 44

Type of diffusion that requires a helper.

Answer 44

Facilitated diffusion.

Question 45

Protein facilitators are called-

Answer 45

Transport proteins.

Question 46

When energy is required and the substance is moved across the membrane against the concentration gradient.

Answer 46

Active transport.

Question 47

Use cellular energy to push substances against their concentration gradient.

Answer 47

Pumps

Question 48

Transport protein that forms tiny pores in the membrane that certain substances can pass.

Answer 48

Channel protein.

Question 49

Transport protein. Receptor site binds to the molecule it is designed to carry. Protein changes shape and the molecules passes through the membrane.

Answer 49

Carrier protein.

Question 50

Process of a cell eating another cell.

Answer 50

Phagocytosis.

Question 51

Movement of bulk fluids or solutes across the membrane.

Answer 51

Pinocytosis.

Question 52

Organelle that makes materials that are transported to the cell membrane from the vesicles.

Answer 52

Secretion vesicles.