Chapter 3: Organizing and Drafting

Question 1

business writers collect and research background info to answer several questions: (5)

Answer 1

• what does the receiver need to know?
• what is the receiver to do?
• how are they to do it?
• when must the receiver do it?
• what will happen if the receiver doesn’t do it?

Question 2

5 informal research methods

Answer 2

• search company files
• talk with manager
• interview target audience
• conduct informal surveys
• brainstorm ideas

Question 3

what research method should you use to find background info

Answer 3

searching company files

Question 4

4 research methods

Answer 4

electronic sources, search manually, primary sources, conduct scientific experiments

Question 5

use when you expect the reader to be please or mildly interested

Answer 5

direct startegy

Question 6

when using the direct strategy you put the main idea

Answer 6

first

Question 7

3 advantages of direct organization for receptive audiences

Answer 7

• saves the reader time
• sets a proper frame of mind
• reduces frustration

Question 8

easy and quick to read, clear opening and main idea first are advantages of

Answer 8

the direct strategy

Question 9

use when audience may be uninterested

Answer 9

indirect strategy

Question 10

explanation first and main idea follows

Answer 10

indirect strategy

Question 11

the indirect strategy works well with 3 kinds of messages:

Answer 11

1. bad news
2. ideas that need persuasion
3. sensitive news

Question 12

3 benefits of indirect organization for unreceptive audiences

Answer 12

• respects the feelings of audiences
• facilitates a fair hearing
• minimizes a negative reaction

Question 13

what determines direct or indirect organizations

Answer 13

audience response

Question 14

contains one independent clause

Answer 14

simple sentence

Question 15

The entrepreneur saw the opportunity is an example of

Answer 15

simple sentence

Question 16

contains 2 complete but related thoughts. May be joined by a conjunction, or semicolon.

Answer 16

compound sentence

Question 17

The entrepreneur saw the opportunity; and she responded immediately. is an example of

Answer 17

compound sentence

Question 18

contains an independent clause and a dependent clause

Answer 18

complex sentence

Question 19

When the entrepreneur saw the opportunity, she responded immediately. example of

Answer 19

complex sentence

Question 20

contains at least 2 independent clauses and 1 dependent

Answer 20

compound-complex sentence

Question 21

When the entrepreneur saw the opportunity, she responded right away; however she needed capital. example of

Answer 21

compound-complex sentence

Question 22

avoid these 3 common sentence faults

Answer 22

fragment, run-on-sentence, and comma splice

Question 23

broken off part of a complex sentence (often begin with words like “although, because, even”

Answer 23

fragment

Question 24

2 independent clauses run together with no punctuation

Answer 24

run-on sentence

Question 25

many jobs prepare traditional resumes some also use websites as electronic portfolios. is an example of

Answer 25

run-on-sentence

Question 26

2 independent clauses joined with a comma

Answer 26

comma splice

Question 27

how to show emphasis through mechanics (6)

Answer 27

underlining, italics and bold, font changes, caps, dashes, and listings

Question 28

using vivid words, placing important ideas first or last, and giving important ideas the spotlight are ways to

Answer 28

show emphasis through style

Question 29

subject performs the action. example: Justin must submit a tax return

Answer 29

active voice

Question 30

subject receives the action. example: the tax return was submitted.

Answer 30

passive voice

Question 31

creates balanced writing

Answer 31

parallelism

Question 32

uses similar structure to express similar ideas, and matches nouns with nouns, verbs with verbs and clauses with clauses

Answer 32

parallelism

Question 33

"after working overtime, the report was finally finished." is an example of

Answer 33

dangling modifier

Question 34

when modifier is not close enough to the phrase to be clear

Answer 34

misplaced modifier

Question 35

"Firefighters rescued a dog from a burning car that had a broken leg." is an example of

Answer 35

misplaced modifier

Question 36

4 steps to drafting well-organized and effective paragraphs

Answer 36

1. craft a topic sentence 2. develop support sentences 3. build paragraph coherence 4. control paragraph length