Chapter 3(Part 2)

Question 1

5 organs that provide secretion for digestion

Answer 1

• salivary glands
• stomach
• pancreas
• liver(via gallbladder)
• small intestine

Question 2

what do secretions contain?

Answer 2

• water
• enzymes(which are protein facilitator of chemical reactions)
• facilitate hydrolysis

Question 3

Secretions: Saliva

Answer 3

Salivary Glands

Question 4

Secretions: Stomach

Answer 4

Gastric Juice

Question 5

Secretion:Pancreas

Answer 5

Pancreatic Juice

Question 6

Secretion: Gall Bladder

Answer 6

Bile

Question 7

Secretion:Small Intestine

Answer 7

intestinal juice

Question 8

Saliva

Answer 8

• moistens food for digestion
• protective role (teeth, mouth, esophagus,stomach,)

-Carb digestion

Question 9

Where does protein digestion take place?

Answer 9

in the Stomach

-hydrochloric acid helps break down proteins

Question 10

Mucus

Answer 10

-coats,cells, protects from acid/enzymes and disease causing bacteria

Question 11

What does a lower PH mean?

Answer 11

stronger acid

Question 12

What is an acidic environment not good for?

Answer 12

not good for salivary enzymes/ digestion of CHo

Question 13

By the time food leaves the stomach what has happened to all 3 energy nutrients

Answer 13

• have all begun digestion

- very small amounts of CHo and fat are digested in mouth

Question 14

Where is pancreatic juice released from and to?

Answer 14

-pancreatic ducts into duodenum

Question 15

What are the three aptly named enzymes for the energy yielding proteins?

Answer 15

• pancreatic amylase
• protease
• lipase

Question 16

What neutralizes chyme?

Answer 16

sodium bicarbonate

-makes chyme slightly alkaline

Question 17

PH Level of Bile

Answer 17

-9 around baking soda

Question 18

PH level of Pancreatic juice

Answer 18

-8

Question 19

PH level of Saliva

Answer 19

7 around water

Question 20

PH Level of gastric juice

Answer 20

-2 around lemon juice

Question 21

Where does bile flow?

Answer 21

into duodenum

Question 22

the liver continually produces

Answer 22

bile

Question 23

What stores and squirts bile?

Answer 23

the gallbladder into the small intestine

Question 24

What is bile?

Answer 24

-an emulsifier that brings fat into suspension

also called phospholic

Question 25

Intestinal juices from intestinal glands

Answer 25

• breaks down all 3 energy nutrients

- -mucus protect intestinal wall

Question 26

What happens to vitamin and minerals?

Answer 26

-mostly absorbed as is

Question 27

What happens to fibers?

Answer 27

-are undigested residues that are not absorbed

Question 28

What gives stool its consistency?

Answer 28

retention of H2o

Question 29

What does the colon(large intestine) do?

Answer 29

intestinal bacteria ferment

-retrieves recyclable materials- water,dissolved salts, then waste is excreted

Question 30

Where does the majority of absorption take place?

Answer 30

in the small intestine

Question 31

What are the three types of diffusion?

Answer 31

• simple diffusion
• facilitated diffusion
• active transport

Question 32

Simple diffusion

Answer 32

(water and small lipids)

crossing into intestinal cells freely

Question 33

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 33

(water soluble vitamins)

-they need a specific carrier to transport them from one side of the cell membrane to the other

Question 34

Active Transport

Answer 34

-(glucose and amino acids)

• must be absorbed actively
• move against a concentration gradient which requires energy

Question 35

Villi

Answer 35

select and regulate nutrients absorbed

-trap and transport nutrients into cells; enzymes and pumps act on different nutrients

Question 36

What is a major site of absorption?

Answer 36

villi

Question 37

Crypts

Answer 37

tubular glands, secrete intestinal juices into small intestine

Question 38

Goblet Cells

Answer 38

mucus secretion

Question 39

Where does protein digestion take place?

Answer 39

in the stomach

Question 40

What does HCL do?

Answer 40

uncoils protein enzymes to break down protein