Chapter 3- Part 4 Flashcards
What is osteoporosis?
A disease that occurs as bones lose calcium and other minerals, making them fragile and more susceptible to fatigue
What is the relationship between people suffering from osteoporosis and minerals, and what does this result in?
They lose minerals at a rate faster than the mineral absorption rate, thus bone strength and density are lowered
How can the risk of osteoporosis be reduced?
By maintaining the recommended daily intake of calcium, regular muscle-strengthening exercises, ceasing smoking and alcohol levels
What is arthritis?
A musculoskeletal disorder that involves the inflammation of one or more joints
What are some common issues associated with arthritis?
Inflammation, pain, stiffness and joint weakness
What are the two common forms of arthritis?
Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
What is cartilage?
A fine, rubbery connective tissue, that acts as a cushion between the bones of joints
What is osteoarthritis?
A degenerative joint disease where a persons cartilage starts to break down and wear away
What happens once this cartilage wears away?
Bones begin to rub together and result in pain, swelling and reduced movement
What is osteoarthritis influenced by?
Previous joint injury/trauma, repetitive weight bearing tasks, obese body composition or a lack of regular physical activity
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
A chronic disease where the body’s immune system attacks the synovial membrane, causing joints to be left painful, inflamed and damaged
What happens in response to rheumatoid arthritis?
The body produces excessive synovial fluid which leads to deformity and joint destruction
What are musculoskeletal conditions?
Disorders of the bones, muscles and their attachments
How common are musculoskeletal conditions and what percentage of Australians have them?
They are the most common chronic conditions in Australia, and 28% of Australians have conditions
What is bone made up of?
Mostly the protein collagen, as well as calcium and minerals which add strength
When do people tend to have achieved peak bone mass?
Between the ages of 25-30
Why are women at an increased risk of osteoporosis after menopause?
Drops in oestrogen levels reduce uptake of calcium in bone formation
How can osteoporosis be diagnosed?
By measuring a person’s bone mineral density
What percentage of the Australian population do back problems affect?
14% of Australians
What can go wrong in training and recovery which can lead to musculoskeletal injury?
Inadequate pre-participation screen, unprofessional coaches, poorly designed training programs, lack of adequate recovery and poor environmental conditions
What is an autoimmune disease?
A disease where the body’s immune system attacks healthy tissue, such as rheumatoid arthritis, which attacks the synovial membrane
What role does Vitamin D play in bone formation?
It assists in bone calcium uptake
