Chapter 3 - Perception Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 3 - Perception Deck (13)
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1
Q

Define Perception.

A

Process of interpreting the messages of our senses to provide order and meaning to the environment.

2
Q

Give the 3 components of Perception.

A

Perceiver, target that is being perceived and situational context.

3
Q

Give 3 things that can influence the perceiver’s Perceptions.

A
  • Experience (different expectations)
  • Motivational State (difference in needs)
  • Emotional State (perceptual defense)
4
Q

What is Bruner’s model of perception ?

A

Perception becomes more selective and the perceptual system begins to paint a constant and consistent picture of the target.

5
Q

Give the 5 perceptual biases.

A
  • Primacy & Recency Effects
  • Reliance on Central Traits
  • Implicit Personality Theories
  • Projection
  • Stereotyping
6
Q

What is Attribution ?

A

Process by which causes/motives are assigned to explain other people’s behaviour.

7
Q

What are Dispositional Attributions ?

A

Some personality or intellectual characteristics unique to the person is responsible for the behaviour.

8
Q

What are Situational Attributions ?

A

The external situation/environment was responsible for the behaviour.

9
Q

Dispositional or Situational ? Give the cues that help make the choice.

A
  • Consistency Cues (regular=indicative)
  • Consensus Cues (out of the norm=indicative)
  • Distinctiveness Cues (lack=dispositional)
  • Attribution in Action (?)
10
Q

Give the 3 errors in Attribution.

A
  • Fundamental Attribution Error
  • Actor-Observer Effect
  • Self-Serving Bias
11
Q

What is Fundamental Attribution Error ?

A

Overemphasizing dispositional explanations for behaviour at the expense of situational explanations.

12
Q

What is Actor-Observer Effect ?

A

Actors emphasize the situation/observers emphasize dispositions (difference in attibutional perspectives).

13
Q

What is the Self-Serving Bias ?

A

The tendency to take credit for successful outcome and to deny responsibility for failures.