Chapter 3: Proteins

Question 1

Function #1 of proteins

Answer 1

Transporting Molecules

Question 2

Function #2 of proteins

Answer 2

Enzyme

Question 3

Function #3 of proteins

Answer 3

‘Gates’ thru membrane

Question 4

Function #4 of proteins

Answer 4

Support/Protection

Question 5

Function #5 of proteins

Answer 5

Movement

Question 6

Function #6 of proteins

Answer 6

Signalling (e.g. hormones)

Question 7

Function #7 of proteins

Answer 7

Receptors (e.g. for hormones)

Question 8

Function #8 of proteins

Answer 8

Storage (of monomers)

Question 9

Function #9 of proteins

Answer 9

Defense

Question 10

Proteins are?

Answer 10

Polymers of aa’s

Question 11

How many different types of aa’s exist in organisms

Answer 11

20

Question 12

How can they act in water?

Answer 12

As either an acid or base

Question 13

It has the capacity to?

Answer 13

Buffer

Question 14

Which group affects an aa’s properties?

Answer 14

R-Group

Question 15

What do you call the bond between aa’s?

Answer 15

Peptide bond

Question 16

A chain of many aa’s is called?

Answer 16

A polypeptide chain

Question 17

What do you call the particular 3-D shape of a protein structure?

Answer 17

Its ‘conformation’

Question 18

How is conformation determined?

Answer 18

By 4 levels of structure

Question 19

What is the 1st level called?

Answer 19

Primary level

Question 20

What’s the property of the primary level?

Answer 20

A sequence of aa’s (covalent bonds/peptides)

Question 21

What is the 2nd level called?

Answer 21

Secondary level

Question 22

What’s the property of the secondary level?

Answer 22

Areas of coiling or pleaded sheets

Question 23

Why does coiling and pleading occur within the secondary level?

Answer 23

Due to the H-bonds between atoms of the ‘backbone’ (i.e. not R-groups)

Question 24

What is the 3rd level called?

Answer 24

Tertiary level

Question 25

What's the property of the tertiary level?

Answer 25

Various twists and folds

Question 26

Why do various twists and folds occur within the tertiary level?

Answer 26

Due to various bonds with R-groups (e.g. covalent, ionic, H-bonds, hydrophobic...)

Question 27

What is the 4th level called?

Answer 27

Quaternary level

Question 28

What property gives the quaternary level its conformation?

Answer 28

When a protein is made up of >1 polypeptide chain (subunits) *doesn't occur all the time

Question 29

What do you call the loss of a protein's conformation?

Answer 29

Denaturation

Question 30

What 3 factors cause denaturation to occur?

Answer 30

High temperature, unfavourable pH, high [salt]