Chapter 3 pt.2 Flashcards
What are the two regularities in the environment
Physical Regularities = regularly occurring physical properties of the environment
Semantic Regularities = the functions and meanings in each scene, eg.cooking, food, preparation, eating
What is the “Oblique Effect”
The idea that vertical and horizontal things in the environment are perceived more easily than other (slanted) orientations
What is the “light-from-above assumption”
the assumption that light is coming from above, which can influence how we perched 3D objects
What did Bayesian Inference propose about our perceptionson the probability of an outcome
That our estimate of the probability of an outcome is determined by our initial belief about the outcome (prior probability) and if available evidence is consistent with the estimated outcome (likelihood)
What is a “Scene Schema”
A persons knowledge about what is likely to be contained in a particular scene can help guide you through then scene
What do the approaches of Helmholtz, Regularities, and Bayes have in common
the idea that we use data about the environment (gathered through past experiences) in perceiving
Why was Gestalt Psychologists ideas different from the other 3
because they emphasized the idea that the principles of organization are built in
One explanation to why we have more neurons that respond best to horizontal/vertical lines rather than oblique orientations is the “theory of natural selection,” explain this theory
This theory states that characteristics that enhance our ability to survive and reproduce will be passed on to future generations
What is Brain Ablation
Removing part of the Brian (done to determine the function of a particular area of the brain)
What is the Perception pathway and the Action pathway
Perception - visual cortex to temporal lobe
Action - visual cortex to parietal lobe
What are Mirror Neurons
When you observe someone else carrying out an action and then doing that action yourself
