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GenPsychFall > Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception Slides > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception Slides Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Sensation

A

Process of receiving stimulus energies from external environment

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2
Q

Define Perception

A

Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

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3
Q

What is the function of Bottom-up processing?

A

Information about the external environment. Making sense of information. Sensory receptor to the brain

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4
Q

What is the function of Top-down processing?

A

Starts with cognitive processing at higher levels of the brain.

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5
Q

What is the function of adaptation?

A

It improves a species’ chances for survival. An organism must be able to sense and respond quickly.

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6
Q

What is the sensory receptor cells for the sense organ eyes.

A

Vision

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7
Q

What is the sensory receptor cells for the sense organ ear

A

Hearing

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8
Q

What is the sensory receptor cells for the sense organ skin.

A

Touch

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9
Q

What is the sensory receptor cells for the sense organ nose

A

Smell

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10
Q

What is the sensory receptor cells for the sense organ tongue

A

Taste

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11
Q

What type of energy reception does vision have?

A

Photoreception: detection of light, perceived as sight

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12
Q

Photoreception: detection of __, perceived as sight

A

Light

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13
Q

What type of energy reception does hearing have?

A

Mechanoreception: detection of vibration, perceived as hearing

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14
Q

Mechanoreception: detection of __, perceived as hearing

A

Vibration

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15
Q

What type of energy reception does touch have?

A

Mechanoreception detection of pressure, perceived as touch

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16
Q

Mechanoreception: detection of __, perceived as touch

A

Pressure

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17
Q

What type of energy reception does smell have?

A

Chemoreception: detection of chemical stimuli, perceived as smell

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18
Q

What type of energy reception does taste have?

A

Chemoreception: detection of chemical stimuli, perceived as taste

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19
Q

What is Synaesthesia?

A

One sense induces experience in another sense

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20
Q

What is Phantom limb pain?

A

Reported pain in amputated arm or leg

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21
Q

What is Extrasensory perception (ESP)?

A

Perception in absence of concrete sensory input

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22
Q

What is Absolution threshold?

A

Minimum amount of detectable stimulus energy

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23
Q

What is Difference threshold?

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A

(Just noticeable difference) Degree of difference that must exist between two stimuli before difference is detected

24
Q

What is Subliminal perception?

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A

Detection of information below level of conscious awareness

25
Does culture influence which stimuli we pay attention to as we perceive the world
True
26
What is Perceptual set?
Predisposition or readiness to perceive something a particular way
27
What is Sensory adaptation?
Change in responsiveness of sensory system based on average level of surrounding stimulation.
28
What is Contour?
Location at which sudden change of brightness occurs
29
What is Figure-ground relationship?
Principle by which perceptual field is organized into stimuli that stand out (figure and those left over (ground)
30
What is another name for Gestalt psychology?
Heuristics
31
What is Gestalt psychology?
School of thought interested in how people naturally organize perception according to certain patterns. "Whole is different from sum of its parts"
32
Gestalt psychology quotes "__"
Whole is different from sum of its parts
33
In Gestalt Laws of Grouping, what is Proximity?
Objects that are near each other will be perceived as belonging to a common set
34
In Gestalt Laws of Grouping, what is Similarity?
Objects that are similar will be perceived as belonging to the same group
35
In Gestalt Laws of Grouping what is Continuity?
Tendency to perceive stimuli in a unified form
36
In Gestalt Laws of Grouping, what is Closure?
Grouping disconnected pieces into a meaningful whole
37
How do we perceive objects
Three dimensionally
38
What is Binocular cues?
Combined images from two eyes. - Disparity - Convergence
39
What is Monocular cues?
Available from image in one eye - Familiar size - Height in field of view - Linear perspective and relative size - Overlap - Shading - Texture gradient
40
Can the retinas of humans detect movement?
No, there are neurons specialized to detect motions
41
What is Apparent movement
Stationary objects can be perceived as moving.
42
What is constancy.
Recognition that objects are constant even though sensory input is changing.
43
What is Size constancy?
Same size despite retinal image changes
44
What is Shape constancy?
Same shape despite orientation changes
45
What is Color constancy?
Same color despite light changes
46
What is the McGurk Effect?
Vision overrides hearing
47
The Skin (Cutaneous) Senses. What is pain effected by?
- Widely-dispersed receptors with much higher thresholds for different types of physical stimuli (ex pressure, heat...) - Cultural differences - Endorphins
48
What is the Papillae and what do they do?
Bumps on surface of tongue. Contain taste buds, receptor for taste
49
What are the four primary taste qualities?
Sweet, sour, bitter, and salty
50
What do taste fibers respond to?
A range of chemicals spanning multiple taste elements. (ex Umami, (L-gluamate))
51
Where is the Olfactory epithelium and what does it contain?
Lines the roof of the nasal cavity. And contains sheet of receptor cells
52
What can smell do?
- Detect airborne chemicals - Contains olfactory epithelium - Is the superhighway to emotion and memory - Role in interpersonal attraction
53
What is Kinesthetic sense?
Information about movement, posture, orientation
54
What is Vestibular sense
Information about balance, movement
55
What is Proprioceptive feedback?
Information about relative position limbs and body
56
What is Semicircular canals?
Contain sensory receptors to detect head motion

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