Chapter 3 SG

Question 1

Unitary System

Answer 1

A form of government where power is derived from the national government

Question 2

Block Grants

Answer 2

Broad sums of money given to the states

Question 3

Conditions of Aid

Answer 3

Through categorical grants, the national government can bribe the states to do something in exchange for money

Question 4

Dual Federalism

Answer 4

A form of government where the national and state governments rule separately and equally in their own spheres

Question 5

Grants-in-Aid

Answer 5

Two types (categorical and block); national government will supply states with money

Question 6

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Answer 6

Established a national bank, justified, under the elastic clause; defined relationship between the national and state governments

Question 7

New Federalism

Answer 7

Return of power to the states; shift from categorical to block grants

Question 8

Revenue Sharing

Answer 8

National government would supply unrestricted grants to state and local governments

Question 9

Ex Post Facto Laws

Answer 9

Congress can’t penalize someone for committing a crime before it was even a crime

Question 10

Project/Formula Grants

Answer 10

Two types of categorical grants
Project grants: give money to states as long as states use money for intended purpose
Formula grants: reimbursed on how successful project is

Question 11

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Answer 11

Declares that each state has to respect the individual laws of every other state; with documents

Question 12

Implied Powers

Answer 12

Congress can enforce these laws they deem necessary and proper

Question 13

Enumerated Powers

Answer 13

Strictly listed powers the legislative branch has the power to enforce

Question 14

Cooperative Federalism

Answer 14

Type of government where both the national and state governments have similar responsibilities and their duties overlap

Question 15

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Answer 15

Ensures that citizens of each state are granted the same rights as citizens of any other state

Question 16

Bill of Attainder

Answer 16

Declares an act illegal without the process of a judicial trial

Question 17

16th Amendment

Answer 17

Congress can levy and collect taxes from other states

Question 18

Devolution

Answer 18

The transfer of power to a lower level; scaling back of the federal government

Question 19

Commerce Clause

Answer 19

Congress has the power to regulate anything that moves across state borders

Question 20

Fiscal Federalism

Answer 20

Division of financial relations among different levels of governments; issues a pattern of taxing, spending, and paying grant in aids to the states

Question 21

Categorical Grants

Answer 21

A type of grant in aid where Congress funds money to states who have applied with a specific issue in mind for what the money is used for

Question 22

Confederal System

Answer 22

A form of government where all of the power is derived from the states

Question 23

Federal System

Answer 23

A form of government where power is shared from the national and state governments

Question 24

Mandates

Answer 24

Laws issued to the states that they are required to obey

Question 25

Elastic Clause

Answer 25

Congress has the paler to propose and pass new laws that they deem necessary and proper

Question 26

U.S. vs. Lopez

Answer 26

Establish gun free school zones; struck down because infringe upon states right to govern education; halted cooperative federalism

Question 27

Tenth Amendment

Answer 27

Describe the states reserved, or police, powers; anything not stated in the constitution is reserved to the states

Question 28

Unfunded Mandates

Answer 28

National laws that force states and local governments to adhere with the federal rules being enforced

Question 29

Inherent Powers

Answer 29

Powers that the national government has to be in control of such as making foreign treaties

Question 30

Extradition

Answer 30

Act of transferring someone who has committed a crime to the original state where the crime was committed

Question 31

Supremacy Clause

Answer 31

Ruling that the national government is supreme over the state governments

Question 32

Reserved/Police Powers

Answer 32

Declares that each state has the power to make their own laws regarding the public welfare and safety of their citizens

Question 33

Concurrent Powers

Answer 33

Powers that both the national and state governments share

Question 34

17th Amendment

Answer 34

Direct election of senators; expand national power

Question 35

State Sovereignty

Answer 35

Power of a state to govern themselves

Question 36

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Answer 36

Between New York and New Jersey over who would have control over the Hudson River... it was national government's power... establish commerce clause