Chapter 3: Skeletal System Terminology

Question 1

Bones

Answer 1

Are the basic structures that provide the body’s framework, physically, support the body, and protect internal structures in the body’s cavities. They are also a storage area for minerals (especially calcium), and have structures that manufacture various blood cells. They are dense and rigid tissues that do not allow for mobility but most bones are connected to one another by joints which, together with cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and muscles, allow the body to move.

Question 2

Diaphysis

Answer 2

Shaft or trunk of a long bone

Question 3

Epiphysis

Answer 3

Wider area at the end of a long bone

Question 4

Process

Answer 4

Normal projection on a bone to attach the bone to a muscle or tendon

Question 5

Foramen

Answer 5

Hole in the bone for blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments to pass through

Question 6

Periosteum

Answer 6

(the prefix peri-means surrounding): tough fibrous tissue that surrounds and covers the bone

Question 7

Compact bone

Answer 7

dense, solid, tough, strong tissue

Question 8

Spongy bone

Answer 8

area that is softer and weaker, is less dense and strong, appears sponge-like, and contains red bone marrow

Question 9

Medullary Cavity

Answer 9

Innermost center cavity of the bone, a storage space for bone marrow

Question 10

Endosteum

Answer 10

(the prefix end- means inside): tissue that lines the medullary cavity

Question 11

Red Bone Marrow

Answer 11

Manufactures blood cells, and is found in the ends and the inner sections of long bones, ribs, pelvic bones, and bones of the spine

Question 12

Yellow Bone Marrow

Answer 12

Storage area for fat, and is found in the medullary cavity of long bones

Question 13

Cartilage

Answer 13

Resilient and smooth elastic tissue that pads and protects the ends of a bone at the point where it connects with another bone

Question 14

Articular Cartilage

Answer 14

smooth and rubbery tissue that covers adjoining bones to act as a shock absorber and to prevent friction between the bones

Question 15

Joints

Answer 15

Are areas where two or more bones meet. Some joints do not allow mobility, but most joints are mobile which allows the bone to move. There are 3 types of joints that are classified according to their composition, their ability to promote movement, and the presence or absence of a cavity in the joint.

Question 16

Fibrous Joints

Answer 16

Are layers of dense tissue that are not flexible, connect the bones, and do not allow for movement

Question 17

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 17

connect bones with cartilage, and allow slight movement.

Question 18

Synovial Joints

Answer 18

Allow for smooth and potentially complex movement between connecting bones

Question 19

Synovial Capsule

Answer 19

Outermost layer that defines the cavity between the bones

Question 20

Synovial Membrane

Answer 20

Lines the inside of the capsule and secretes fluid

Question 21

Synovial Fluid

Answer 21

Liquid that lubricates the cavity to prevent friction and allow for joint movement

Question 22

Ligaments

Answer 22

Fiber-like strands of connective tissue that attach bone-bone or bone-cartilage to keep the structures together and to keep them stable

Question 23

Bursae

Answer 23

Fibrous sacs filled with thick fluid to provide added cushioning

Question 24

Axial Skeleton

Answer 24

The term axial pertains to the central part of the body, including the skull bones (cranial, facial, and middle ear bones), thoracic cavity, and the vertebrae

Question 25

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 25

The term appendicular refers to appendages (structures that are attached to the central part of the body)

Question 26

Cranial bones

Answer 26

Protect the brain and are flat bones that are connected by fibrous joints.

Question 27

Facial Bones

Answer 27

Help shape the face and may have air-filled cavities to lighten the weight of the skull

Question 28

Auditory Ossicles

Answer 28

Three tiny bones in the middle ear that transmit sound waves

Question 29

Rib cage

Answer 29

Protects structure and organs within the thoracic cavity

Question 30

Sternum

Answer 30

A flat bone located in the middle of the chest. 3 main sections: manubrium, body of the sterum, xiphoid process

Question 31

Manubrium

Answer 31

Uppermost portion of the sternum

Question 32

Body of the sternum

Answer 32

middle section, and the majority of the sternum

Question 33

Xiphoid process

Answer 33

small lower part of the sternum

Question 34

True ribs

Answer 34

attach to the sternum

Question 35

False ribs

Answer 35

they connect to a common cartilage which attaches to the sternum

Question 36

Floating Ribs

Answer 36

Only attach to thoracic vertebrae, they do not connect with the anterior chest

Question 37

Vertebrae

Answer 37

A series of small bones with projections. Each vertebra has a foramen that aligns with all the other vertebral foramen, through which the spinal cord passes. The bones of the vertebra are cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

Question 38

Cartilaginous Disk

Answer 38

protects the bone and separated each vertebra. Acts as a cushion to prevent friction between the bones, and allows the spine to move.

Question 39

Bones of the pectoral girdle (Shoulder area)

Answer 39

Connect with the axial skeleton and support the arms and hands. they include: the clavicle, scapula and acromion

Question 40

Clavicle

Answer 40

Commonly called the collar bone

Question 41

Scapula

Answer 41

Commonly called the shoulder blade or the wing bone

Question 42

Acromion

Answer 42

Bony process that is an extension of the scapula

Question 43

Arm bones

Answer 43

They are the humerus, radius, ulna, and olecranon process

Question 44

Bones of the wrists and hands

Answer 44

They are the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Question 45

Humerus

Answer 45

Upper arm bone, from the shoulder to the elbow

Question 46

Radius

Answer 46

Shorter and smaller bone of the forearm, between, the elbow and the wrist

Question 47

Ulna

Answer 47

Longer, larger of the two forearm bones, between the elbow and the wrist

Question 48

Olecranon Process

Answer 48

Bony process on the proximal end of the ulna

Question 49

Carpals

Answer 49

Collection of small bones that form the wrist

Question 50

Metacarpals

Answer 50

(the prefix meta- means subsequent to, after): bones that form the palm of the hand

Question 51

Phalanges

Answer 51

bones of the fingers

Question 52

Pelvis

Answer 52

It is the lower part of the body's trunk between the abdomen and the thighs, protects the lower internal structures and supports the legs, and is sometimes called the pubic bone. Bones associated with the pelvis are: ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 53

Ilium

Answer 53

Broad and blade-shaped bone

Question 54

Ischium

Answer 54

Lower posterior section of the pubic bone

Question 55

Pubis

Answer 55

Lower anterior section of the pubic bone

Question 56

Acetabulum

Answer 56

a cavity on either side of the pubic bone that accommodates the head of each upper leg to create the hip joints, and the pubic symphysis

Question 57

Pubic Symphysis

Answer 57

A cartilaginous joint that connects the pubic bones to allow for slight movement

Question 58

Femur

Answer 58

Longest , largest bone that forms the upper leg (from hip to the knee)

Question 59

Patella

Answer 59

bone on the anterior of the knee, commonly called the kneecap

Question 60

Tibia

Answer 60

Larger of the two lower leg bones (from the knee to the ankle)

Question 61

Fibula

Answer 61

Smaller of the two lower leg bones

Question 62

Tarsals

Answer 62

Collection of small bones that form the ankle. Malleolus, Talus, and Calcaneus

Question 63

Malleolus

Answer 63

Tibial and fibular rounded projections, on the sides of the ankle

Question 64

Talus

Answer 64

Small ankle bone that connects with the tibia and fibula

Question 65

Calcaneus

Answer 65

Bone that forms the foundation of the rear part of the foot, often called the heel bone

Question 66

Metatarsals

Answer 66

Bones that connect the tarsals and phalanges

Question 67

Phalanges

Answer 67

Bones of the toes

Question 68

Ankyl/o

Answer 68

Crooked, bent, stiff

Question 69

Arthr/o

Answer 69

joint

Question 70

Burs/o

Answer 70

Bursa, sac of fluid near a joint

Question 71

Cervic/o

Answer 71

neck

Question 72

Chondr/o, chondr/i

Answer 72

cartilage

Question 73

Cost/o

Answer 73

rib

Question 74

Crani/o

Answer 74

skull

Question 75

Ili/o

Answer 75

ilium, hip bone

Question 76

Kyph/o

Answer 76

hump

Question 77

ligament/o

Answer 77

ligament

Question 78

lord/o

Answer 78

curve, swayback

Question 79

Lumb/o

Answer 79

lower back

Question 80

Mandibul/o

Answer 80

lower jaw, mandible

Question 81

Myel/o

Answer 81

bone marrow

Question 82

Necr/o

Answer 82

death

Question 83

Oste/o, ost/o, oss/i, oss/e

Answer 83

bone

Question 84

Pelv/o, Pelv/i

Answer 84

Pelvic bone

Question 85

Pod/o

Answer 85

feet

Question 86

Sacr/o

Answer 86

sacrum

Question 87

Scoli/o

Answer 87

bent, curved

Question 88

Spondyl/o

Answer 88

vertebra, backbone

Question 89

stern/o

Answer 89

Sternum, breast bone

Question 90

Synov/o, synovi/o

Answer 90

synovial

Question 91

Tars/o

Answer 91

Tarsus, ankle bone

Question 92

Vertebr/o

Answer 92

Vertebra, backbone

Question 93

-centesis

Answer 93

Surgical puncture to remove fluid

Question 94

-clasis

Answer 94

breaking down

Question 95

-desis

Answer 95

tie, bind, fuse, join

Question 96

-ectomy

Answer 96

surgical removal

Question 97

-itis

Answer 97

inflammation

Question 98

-listhesis

Answer 98

slipping

Question 99

-lysis

Answer 99

loosening

Question 100

-malacia

Answer 100

abnormal softening

Question 101

-osis

Answer 101

abnormal condition, disease

Question 102

-otomy

Answer 102

cutting into or surgical incision

Question 103

-penia

Answer 103

deficiency, lack

Question 104

-plasty

Answer 104

surgical repair

Question 105

-rrhaphy

Answer 105

surgical suturing

Question 106

-sclerosis

Answer 106

abnormal hardening

Question 107

-scopy

Answer 107

visual examination