Chapter 3 Terminology

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure and relationship between body parts

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of the functions of body parts and the body as a whole

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

The basic unit of life; the smallest structural unit of living organisms capable of performing all functions of life

Question 4

Cell Membrane

Answer 4

Outer covering of a cell that regulates what enters and leaves it

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

The clear, jelly-like substance of a cell between the cell membrane and nucleus

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

The functional center of a cell that governs activity and heredity

Question 7

Tissue

Answer 7

A group of similar cells that perform a specialized function

Question 8

Organ

Answer 8

A part of the body containing two or more tissues that function together for a specific purpose

Question 9

Body System

Answer 9

A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific activity

Question 10

Tendon

Answer 10

A cord of fibrous tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Question 11

Ligament

Answer 11

A band of connective tissue that connects a bone to another bone

Question 12

Cartilage

Answer 12

A type of flexible connective tissue

Question 13

Ossification

Answer 13

The process by which cartilage is replaced by bone

Question 14

Joint

Answer 14

A place where two bones meet

Question 15

Fascia

Answer 15

Band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue

Question 16

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 16

The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and the spinal cord

Question 17

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 17

All nerve tissue outside of the CNS

Question 18

Brain

Answer 18

The main control unit of the CNS

Question 19

Cerebrum

Answer 19

The largest part of the brain. It controls mental activities and movement

Question 20

Cerebellum

Answer 20

The second largest part of the brain. It controls muscle coordination, body balance and posture

Question 21

Brain Stem

Answer 21

Controls many automatic body functions such as heartbeat and breathing

Question 22

Peristalsis

Answer 22

The rippling motion of muscles in the digestive tract that mixes food with gastric juices to form a thin liquid

Question 23

Hormones

Answer 23

Chemical messengers that travel through the blood and act on target organs

Question 24

Metabolism

Answer 24

The total chemical changes by which the nutritional and functional activities of an organism are maintained

Question 25

Insulin

Answer 25

A hormone that reduces the level of sugar in the blood

Question 26

Glucagon

Answer 26

A hormone that can increase the blood sugar level

Question 27

Sperm

Answer 27

Male sex cell

Question 28

Ovum

Answer 28

Female sex cell (egg)

Question 29

Chromosomes

Answer 29

Rod shaped structures responsible for inherited characteristics passed on from parent to child

Question 30

Testes

Answer 30

Male reproductive gland that forms and secretes sperm and several fluid elements in semen

Question 31

Scrotum

Answer 31

Sac in which testes are suspended

Question 32

Epididymis

Answer 32

A tube that cares sperm cells from the testes to the vas deferens

Question 33

Vas Deferens

Answer 33

A duct that transfers sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicle

Question 34

Seminal Vesicle

Answer 34

A gland that produces semen

Question 35

Semen

Answer 35

Mixture of sperm cells and secretions from several male reproductive glands

Question 36

Ejaculatory Duct

Answer 36

A duct formed by joining the seminal vesicle with the vas deferens, through which semen moves during ejaculation

Question 37

Urethra

Answer 37

Tube that discharges urine

Question 38

Prostate Gland

Answer 38

Produces a fluid element in semen that stimulates the movement of sperm

Question 39

Vagina

Answer 39

Muscular canal in a female that extends from an external opening to the neck of the uterus

Question 40

Cervix

Answer 40

Lower end (neck) of the uterus

Question 41

Endometrium

Answer 41

Lining of the uterus

Question 42

Fallopian Tubes

Answer 42

Slender tubes that convey the ova (eggs) from the ovaries to the uterus

Question 43

Fimbriae

Answer 43

Finger-like projections extending from the fallopian tubes that draw ova (eggs) into the uterus

Question 44

Ovaries

Answer 44

Female reproductive organs

Question 45

Kidneys

Answer 45

Organs that remove excess water and waste substances from the blood in a process that yields urine

Question 46

Ureters

Answer 46

Tube-like structures extending from the kidneys to the urinary bladder that move urine between these organs

Question 47

Urinary Bladder

Answer 47

The reservoir for urine

Question 48

Penis

Answer 48

Male organ of urination and intercourse

Question 49

Liver

Answer 49

An organ that filters the blood to remove amino acids and neutralize some harmful toxins

Question 50

Skin

Answer 50

This organ contains sweat glands that, through the process of perspiration, produce and excrete sweat