Chapter 3 Test

Question 1

What surrounds the nucleus in an atom

Answer 1

a cloudlike region of moving electrons

Question 2

Where does most of the volume in an atom come from

Answer 2

the space in which electrons move

Question 3

What is the symbol for an electron

Answer 3

e-

Question 4

What is the charge of a neutron

Answer 4

0

Question 5

How many electrons does it take to equal the mass of a proton

Answer 5

1,840

Question 6

What unit is used to measure the mass of an atom

Answer 6

Atomic Mass Units

Question 7

What is an atomic number

Answer 7

the number of protons in an element’s atom’s nucleus

Question 8

What is a valence electron

Answer 8

the electrons in an atom with the highest amount of energy

Question 9

Which atom is involved in chemical bonding

Answer 9

Valence electrons

Question 10

What helps determine the chemical properties of an element

Answer 10

the number of valence electrons

Question 11

What is the range of valence electrons an element can have

Answer 11

1 - 8

Question 12

What is an electron dot diagram

Answer 12

a diagram of the symbol of the element and dots around it representing valence electrons

Question 13

What element is stable with 2 val. electrons

Answer 13

Helium

Question 14

What element only needs to gain 1 val. electrons to be stable

Answer 14

Hydrogen (keeps a stable 2)

Question 15

What is a chemical bond

Answer 15

the force of attraction that holds atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of electrons between them

Question 16

What group is the noble gasses

Answer 16

group 18 (Helium has 2 Val. electrons)

Question 17

Do Noble Gasses react easily

Answer 17

no

Question 18

How do metal atoms react

Answer 18

by losing their val. electrons

Question 19

What group are Alkali metals in

Answer 19

group 1

Question 20

What group are Halogens in

Answer 20

group 17

Question 21

What does the reactivity of metal depend on

Answer 21

how easily its atoms lose val. electrons (the reactivity of metals reduces from left to right on the periodic table)

Question 22

When Alkali metals (group 1) lose an electron they gain a stable arrangement of __ val. electrons

Answer 22

8

Question 23

How reactive are Alkali metals

Answer 23

highly reactive

Question 24

How do nonmetals become stable

Answer 24

they gain/share enough electrons to have 8 val. electrons (except the weirdo in the corner: Hydrogen who keeps a stable 2)

Question 25

Can Halogens easily react with other elements

Answer 25

yes (they gain 1)

Question 26

Where are the metalloids on a periodic table

Answer 26

along the zigzag line

Question 27

how do metalloids combine with other elements

Answer 27

by losing or gaining electrons

Question 28

What is an ion

Answer 28

an atom/group of atoms with an electric charge

Question 29

When a neutral atom loses a valence electron it's charge becomes ______

Answer 29

positive

Question 30

What is a polyatomic ion

Answer 30

an ion made of several elements

Question 31

What is an ionic bond

Answer 31

the attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions (metal <3 nonmetals)

Question 32

What is an ionic compound

Answer 32

the result of an ionic bond (a compound made of oppositely charged ions)

Question 33

What is a chemical formula

Answer 33

a group of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound

Question 34

How is the name of an ionic compound writen

Answer 34

The name of the positive ion first then the negative one

Question 35

What does the suffix -ide mean in ionic compounds

Answer 35

that the negative ion is a single element

Question 36

What does the suffix -ate/-ite mean in ionic compounds

Answer 36

that the negative ion is polyatomic

Question 37

What crystals do ionic compounds form

Answer 37

hard, brittle crystals with high melting points which conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted

Question 38

How do the ions in a compound need to be to conduct electricity

Answer 38

free moving

Question 39

What is a covalent bond

Answer 39

the bond between 2 atoms which share electrons

Question 40

What is a molecule

Answer 40

a neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds

Question 41

What is a double bond

Answer 41

When atoms share 2 pairs of electrons

Question 42

What is a triple bond

Answer 42

When atoms share 3 pairs of electrons

Question 43

What is a molecular compound

Answer 43

a compound made of molecules (covalently bonded)

Question 44

Which type of compound doesn't conduct electricity and has a low melting point

Answer 44

molecular compound

Question 45

Why are molecular compounds poor conducters

Answer 45

because they don't comtain charged particles

Question 46

Why do molecular compounds have a low melting point

Answer 46

because it's bonds are weaker

Question 47

What does unequal sharing of electrons cause to covalently bonded atoms

Answer 47

it causes them to have slight electric charges

Question 48

What is a nonpolar bond

Answer 48

a covalent bond where electrons are shared equally

Question 49

What is a polar bond

Answer 49

a covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally (causes the atoms to have slight charges)

Question 50

What are van der Waals forces

Answer 50

The attractions in Polar molecules between slight negative and positive charges

Question 51

Which has stronger attraction? polar or nonpolar

Answer 51

polar

Question 52

Why do metal atoms easily lose electrons

Answer 52

because they do not hold onto them strongly

Question 53

What is a metal crystal composed of

Answer 53

closely packed, positively charged metal ions with valence electrons drifting among the ions

Question 54

What is a metallic bond

Answer 54

an attraction between a positive metal ion and the surrounding electrons

Question 55

What are the properties of metals

Answer 55

shiny luster and high levels of malleability, ductility, thermal and electrical conductivity

Question 56

Why does metal have a shiny and reflective luster

Answer 56

because the valence electrons absorb and remit light

Question 57

What does it mean if something is ductile

Answer 57

it can easily be dent and pulled into wire

Question 58

What does it mean if something is malleable

Answer 58

it can be rolled into (thin) sheets and hammered into shape

Question 59

Why are metals ductile and malleable

Answer 59

because positive metal ions are attracted to the loose electrons around them rather than to other metal ions

Question 60

Why do metals have high thermal and electrical conductivity

Answer 60

because the electrons are free to move

Question 61

What is an alloy

Answer 61

a mixture of 2 or more elements of at least one is metal