Chapter 3 - The Cell

Question 0

The outer boundary of the cell; controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Answer 0

Plasma membrane

Question 1

A fundamental organizing principle of biology that states a cell is the smallest unit of life

Answer 1

The cell theory

Question 2

Movement across the membrane that doesn’t require energy

Answer 2

Passive transport

Question 3

Movement of a substance following a concentration gradient; from high to low; end result is an equal distribution of the substance in two areas

Answer 3

Simple diffusion

Question 4

Movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration with the aid of a membrane protein; use of carrier proteins

Answer 4

Facilitated diffusion

Question 5

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from higher water concentration to lower.

Answer 5

Osmosis

Question 6

Movement across the membrane that requires energy; lower to higher with aid of a carrier protein and energy

Answer 6

Active transport

Question 7

A region of the plasma membrane engulfs the substance to be ingested and then pitches off from the rest of the membrane, enclosing the substances in a vesicles with travels through the cytoplasm

Answer 7

Endocytosis

Question 8

Two types of Endocytosis

Answer 8

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Question 9

Cell eating; large particles or bacteria

Answer 9

Phagocytosis

Question 10

Cell drinking; droplets of fluid

Answer 10

Pinocytosis

Question 11

Large molecules are enclosed in membrane-bound vesicles that travel to the plasma membrane where they are released to the outside

Answer 11

Exocytosis

Question 12

Inside eukaryotic cells; membrane bound; different functions for the cell

Answer 12

Organelles

Question 13

Contains almost all the genetic information of the cell, the DNA; surrounded by a nuclear envelope

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

Made of chromatin and other contents of the nucleus

Answer 14

Nucleoplasm

Question 15

A specialized region within the nucleus, involved in the production of ribosomal RNA

Answer 15

Nucleolus

Question 16

An extensive network of channels connected to the plasma membrane, the nuclear envelope, and certain organelles

Answer 16

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

Two types of ER

Answer 17

Rough and smooth

Question 18

Contains ribosomes that guide the production of cell products

Answer 18

Rough ER

Question 19

Lacks ribosomes; is involved in the production of phospholipids and detoxification

Answer 19

Smooth ER

Question 20

A series of interconnected, flattened membranous sacs

Answer 20

Golgi Complex

Question 21

Contains enzymes that break down macromolecules, old organelles, and invaders

Answer 21

Lysosomes

Question 22

Sites of cellular respiration, provide cell with energy through the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP

Answer 22

Mitochondria

Question 23

Provides shape and support for the cell; is composed of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

Answer 23

Cytoskeleton

Question 24

A microtubule-organizing center located near the nucleus

Answer 24

Centriole

Question 25

Made of the protein tubulin; responsible for the structure and movement cilia and flagella

Answer 25

Microtubules

Question 26

Numerous short extensions in a cell that move back and forth

Answer 26

Cilia

Question 27

Larger than cilia and move in an undulating manner (in humans, only found in sperm cells)

Answer 27

Flagella

Question 28

Made of protein actin; function muscle contraction; form a band that pinches cell into two during cell division

Answer 28

Microfilaments

Question 29

Protein composition varies from one type of cell to another; diverse group of ropelike fibers that maintain cell shape and anchor organelles

Answer 29

Intermediate filaments

Question 30

Includes all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell; organized into metabolic pathways

Answer 30

Cell metabolism

Question 31

Cellular respiration requires ______ to break down _______ into final products

Answer 31

oxygen; glucose

Question 32

Occurs in the cytoplasm; split glucose into two pyruvate molecules; generates a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules; does not require oxygen; Phase One

Answer 32

Glycolysis

Question 33

Occurs within the mitochondria; CO2 is removed from each pyruvate; forms 2 acetyl CoA molecules; Phase 2

Answer 33

Transition reaction

Question 34

Occurs within the mitochondria; acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle; releases 2 ATP, 2 FADH2, and 6 NADH molecules; requires oxygen; phase 3

Answer 34

Citric acid cycle or Kreb's cycle

Question 35

Occurs within the mitochondria; electrons of FADH2 and NADH are transferred from one protein to another, until they reach oxygen, releases energy that results in 32 ATP, requires oxygen, phase 4

Answer 35

Electron transport chain

Question 36

Breakdown of glucose without oxygen, takes place in the cytoplasm

Answer 36

Fermentation