Chapter 5 - The Skeletal System

Question 1

A framework of bones and cartilage that performs several functions

Answer 1

Skeleton

Question 2

How many bones are in the human body?

Answer 2

206

Question 3

Dense outer layer with few internal spaces; forms most of the shaft of long bones; covered by the periosteum that nourishes the bones

Answer 3

Compact bone

Question 4

Latticework of bone; found in small, flat (skull) and in the head and near the ends of shafts of long bones

Answer 4

Spongy bone

Question 5

The spaces of some spongy bones are filled with ___ _______ where blood cells form

Answer 5

Red marrow

Question 6

The cavity in the shaft of long bones is filled with _____ _______, a fatty tissue for energy storage

Answer 6

Yellow marrow

Question 7

The structural unit of compact bones

Answer 7

Osteon

Question 8

Living bone cells

Answer 8

Osteocytes

Question 9

Non-living component of bones; hard to to calcium and phosphorus salts

Answer 9

The solid matrix

Question 10

When most of the skeleton is made of cartilage during embryonic development

Answer 10

Cartilage model

Question 11

Bone-forming cells

Answer 11

Osteoblasts

Question 12

Stimulates bone growth during childhood

Answer 12

Growth hormone

Question 13

Ensure that the skeleton grows with the proper proportions

Answer 13

Thyroid hormone

Question 14

Prompt and stop the growth spurt and puberty

Answer 14

Sex hormone

Question 15

Released from the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels

Answer 15

Calcitonin

Question 16

Released from parathyroid glands increases blood calcium levels

Answer 16

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 17

Results when bone is broken down faster than it is deposited

Answer 17

Osteoporosis

Question 18

Protects and supports our internal organs; components include skull, vertebral column, sternum and rib cage

Answer 18

Axial skeleton

Question 19

The most complex body structure in the body

Answer 19

Skull

Question 20

Formed from 8 flat bones; protect the brain, house the structures for hearing; provide attachment sites for the muscles of the head and neck

Answer 20

Cranium

Question 21

Support several sensory structures, serve as attachment sites for most facial muscles

Answer 21

Facial bones

Question 22

The bones of the cranium are connected by these membranous areas before and shortly after birth to allow the skull of be compressed during birth

Answer 22

Fontanels

Question 23

Allows movement and interaction with the environment; components include pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and limbs

Answer 23

Appendicular skeleton

Question 24

Composed of scapulae and clavicles; functions to support arms

Answer 24

Pectoral girdle

Question 25

More rigid than the pectoral girdle, composed of two pelvic bones joined in front at the pubic symphysis; functions to support the legs

Answer 25

Pelvic girdle

Question 26

Places where bones meet

Answer 26

Joints

Question 27

Three types of joints

Answer 27

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 28

Held together by connective tissue, no joint cavity, most do not permit movement, ex skull

Answer 28

Fibrous

Question 29

Allow very little movement, ex between vertebrae and ribs

Answer 29

Cartilaginous joints

Question 30

Freely moveable and most joints in the body are of this type

Answer 30

Synovial joints