Chapter 3: The Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
The tip of the shoulder and the site of attachment for both the clavicle and shoulder musculature
A
Acromion Process
2
Q
The ridges between the teeth, which are covered with thickened connective tissue and epithelium; also called alveolar ridges
A
Alveolar Arch
3
Q
The ring of fibrous and fibrocartilaginous tissue that is part of the intervertebral disk
A
Anulus Fibrosus
4
Q
The portion of the skeletal system that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle
A
Appendicular Skeleton
5
Q
The formation of new bone on the surface of a bone
A
Appositional Growth
6
Q
The first cervical vertebra (C1), which provides support for the head
A
Atlas
7
Q
Bruising over the mastoid process, usually from a basilar skull fracture
A
Battle Sign
8
Q
Specialized tissue found within bone that manufactures most erythrocytes
A
Bone Marrow
9
Q
Grinding together of the upper and lower teeth
A
Bruxism
10
Q
A ballooning of an intervertebral disk without frank herniation
A
Bulging Disk
11
Q
Small fluid-filled sacs located between a tendon and a bone to help lubricate two surfaces that are rubbing against each other
A
Bursae
12
Q
The heel bone
A
Calcaneus
13
Q
The zone of repair in which a mass exudates and connective tissue forms around a break in a bone and converts to bone during healing
A
Callus
14
Q
A minute canal in a bone
A
Canaliculi
15
Q
Bone that is made up of a lacy network of bony rods called trabeculae
A
Cancellous Bone
16
Q
Compression of the median nerve within the carpal canal of the wrist
A
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
17
Q
The bones of the wrist; they include the scaphoid, lunate, triquentrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones
A
Carpals
18
Q
The support structure of the skeletal system that provides cushioning between bones; also forms the nasal septum and portions of the outer ear
A
Cartilage
19
Q
The most serious disk rupture that occurs when nuclear material protrudes straight back into the spinal canal, potentially compressing neurologic elements and causing neurologic injury
A
Central Disk Herniation
20
Q
Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges
A
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
21
Q
The seven smallest vertebrae, found in the neck
A
Cervical Vertebrae
22
Q
Cells that produce cartilage
A
Chondroblasts
23
Q
The collarbone; it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula
A
Clavicle
24
Q
A fracture in which the bone ends have not been exposed by a break through the skin
A
Closed Fracture
25
The tailbone
Coccyx
26
Bone that is mostly solid, with few spaces
Compact Bone
27
A fracture of a vertebral body associated with collapse of the body
Compression Fracture
28
The point where the parietal bones join together with the frontal bone
Coronal Suture
29
Inflammation of the costal cartilage, which attaches the ribs to the sternum
Costochondritis
30
The bones that encase and protect the brain, including the parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones
Cranium
31
A brinding sound or sensation
Crepitus
32
Horizontal bones perforated with numerous foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerve filaments from the nasal cavity
Cribriform Plates
33
A prominent bony ridge in the center of the anterior fossa to which the meninges are attached
Crista Galli
34
A progressive form of arthritis that causes deterioration of the intervertebral disk
Degenerative Disk Disease
35
The shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
36
A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another and are not in anatomic alignment
Displaced Fracture
37
A state of abnormally small bones
Dwarfism
38
The growth of cartilage in the physis (epiphyseal plate) which is eventually replaced by bone
Endochondral Growth
39
A layer that lines the inner surfaces of bone
endosteum
40
An inflammation of the muscles of the elbow joint; more commonly known as tennis elbow
Epicondylitis
41
The growth plate of a long bone
Epiphyses
42
The main supporting structure of the nasal cavities; it also forms part of the eye orbits
Ethmoid Bone
43
An opening in the temporal bone that contains the ear canal
External Acoustic Meatus
44
The maxillae, zygomatic bones, nasal bones, vomer, inferior nasal conchae, lacrimal bones, palatine bones, and mandible
Facial Skeleton
45
The thighbone; the longest and one of the strongest bones in the body
Femur
46
Cells that secrete proteins and collagen to form connective tissue between broken bone ends and at other sites of injury throughout the body
Fibroblasts
47
The long bone on the lateral aspect of the lower leg
Fibula
48
Types of bone that are relatively thing and flattened
Flat Bones
49
The large opening at the bottom of the skull through which the brain connects with the spinal cord
Foramen Magnum
50
Small openings, perforations, or orifices in the bones of the cranial vault
Foramina
51
A break in the continuity of a bone
Fracture
52
The bone that forms the forehead and part of the roof of the nasal cavity
Frontal Bone
53
A state of bony overgrowth
Gigantism
54
The bony belts that attach the extremities to the axial skeleton
Girdles
55
The part of the scapula that forms the socket in the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder
Glenoid Fossa
56
Units of compact bone consisting of a tube (haversian canal) with the laminae of bone that surrounds them
Haversian Systems
57
A tear in the anulus fibrosus that results in leakage of the nucleus pulposus, most commonly against exiting nerve roots
Herniated Disk
58
The supporting bone of the upper arm
Humerus
59
A mineral compound containing calcium and phosphate that, along with collagen, comprises the structural element of bone
Hydroxyapatite
60
The bone that supports the tongue and its muscles
Hyoid Bone
61
What three bones fuse to form the pelvic ring
Illium
Ischium
Pubis
62
Scroll-shaped bones attached to the lateral nasal cavity walls that support the mucous membranes
Inferior Nasal Conchae
63
A mass of fibrocartilage between each vertebral body of the spine, composed of the anulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus
Intervertebral Disk
64
The opening between each vertebra through which the spinal (peripheral) nerves pass from the spinal cord
Intervertebral Foramina
65
What three bones fuse to form the pelvic ring
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
66
The point where two or more bones come together, allowing movement to occur
Joint
67
Outward curve of the thoracic spine
Kyphosis
68
Bones that make up part of the eye orbits and contain the tear sacs
Lacrimal Bones
69
The point where the occipital bones attach to the parietal bones
Lambdoid Suture
70
Thin sheets or layers into which bone tissue is organized
Lamellae
71
An enlargement of the distal end of the fibula, which forms the lateral wall of the ankle joint
Lateral Malleolus
72
Bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to bones; they support and strengthen a joint
Ligaments
73
Type of bone that is longer than it is wide
Long Bones
74
Inward curve of the lumbar spine just above the buttocks; an exaggerated form of lordosis results in the condition known as swayback
Lordosis
75
The femurs, tibias, fibulas, patellae, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
Lower Limbs
76
The five vertebrae of the lower back
Lumbar Vertebrae
77
The bone of the lower jaw; the only movable bone in the face
Mandible
78
A prominent bony mass at the base of the skull behind the ear
Mastoid Process
79
The bones that make up the upper jaw
Maxillae
80
The distal end of the tibia, which forms the medial side of the ankle joint
Medial Malleolus
81
The internal cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone that contains bone marrow
Medullary Cavity
82
The three layers of membranes, the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater, that surround the brain
Meninges
83
Shock-absorbing fibrocartilage pads within some synovial joints
Menisci
84
The bones of the palms of the hand
Metacarpals
85
The area of a long bone where the diaphysis and epiphysis converge; where the physis (epiphyseal plate) is located
Metaphysis
86
The bones on the soles of the feet; they form the foot arches
Metatarsals
87
The thin, delicate bones that join to form the bridge of the nose
Nasal Bones
88
The chamber inside the nose that lies between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth
Nasal Cavity
89
The rigid partition composed of bone and cartilage that separates the right and left nostrils
Nasal Septum
90
A fractured bone that has not moved from its normal position
Nondisplaced Fracture
91
The gelatinous mass that makes up the center of each intervertebral disk
Nucleus Pulposus
92
A fracture that forms an angle to the shaft of the bone
Oblique Fracture
93
The bone that forms the back and base of the cranium
Occipital Bone
94
Articular surface on the occipital bone where the skull articulates with the atlas on the vertebral column
Occipital Condyles
95
A fracture in which a bone end has penetrated the skin; also called a compound fracture
Open Fracture
96
Bony cavities in the frontal skull that enclose and protect the eyes
Orbits
97
The three small bones in the middle ear: the malleus, incus, and stapes
Ossicles
98
The formation of bone by osteoblasts
Ossification
99
Bone-forming cells
Osteoblasts
100
Large, multinucleated cells that dissolve bone tissue and play a major role in bone remodeling
Osteoclasts
101
An osteoblast that becomes surrounded by bony matrix; a mature bone cell
Osteocyte
102
A genetic bone disease that results in fragile bones
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
103
An abnormal softening of bones because of a loss of calcium
Osteomalacia
104
Inflammation of the bone and muscle caused by infection
Osteomyelitis
105
Units within a compact bone in which blood vessels are located; also called the haversian system
Osteons
106
A reduction in the quantity of bony tissue
Osteoporosis
107
Irregularly shaped bones found in the posterior part of the nasal cavity
Palatine Bones
108
The sinuses, or hollowed sections of bone in the front of the head, that are lined with muscous membrane and drain into the nasal cavity; the frontal and maxillary sinuses
Paranasal Sinuses
109
Bones that form the upper sides and roof of the cranium
Parietal Bones
110
The kneecap
Patella
111
The scalpulae and clavicles
Pectoral Girdle
112
The feet of each vertebra in the vertebral arch
Pedicles
113
The hip bones
Pelvic Girdle
114
The attachment of the lower extremities to the body, consisting of the sacrum and the two pelvic bones
Pelvis
115
a double layer of connective tissue that lines the outer surface of the bone
Periosteum
116
The small bones of the digits of the fingers and toes
Phalanges
117
The major site of bone elongation, located at each end of a long bone between the epiphysis and metaphysis; also called the growth plate
Physis
118
An endocrine gland, located in the sella turcica of the brain, responsible for directly or indirectly affecting all bodily functions
Pituitary Gland
119
An irritation of the tough band of connective tissue extending from the calcaneus to the metatarsal head of each toe
Plantar Fascitis
120
An angle formed by the anterior portion of the hip bone (pubis)
Pubic Arch
121
What three bones fuse to form the pelvic ring
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
122
The shorter, lateral bone of the forearm
Radius
123
The 12 pairs of bones that primarily make up the thoracic cage, connecting posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae
Ribs
124
A disease caused by vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
125
One of the three bones (sacrum and two pelvic bones) that make up the pelvic ring; consists of five fused sacral vertebrae
Sacrum
126
Two saddle-shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles to each other so that complementary surfaces articulate with each other, such as is the case with the thumb
Saddle Joint
127
The point of the skull where the parietal bones join together
Sagittal Suture
128
The triangular-shaped bone that comprises the shoulder blade, which is an integral component of the shoulder girdle
Scapula
129
Sideways curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
130
A depression in the middle of the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
Sella Turcica
131
Types of bone that are as broad as they are long
Short Bones
132
A ball-and-socket joint consisting of the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa
Shoulder Joint
133
Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
Sinusitis
134
The structure at the top of the axial skeleton that houses the brain and consists of the 28 bones that comprise the auditory ossicles, the cranium, and the face
Skull
135
The anterior portion of the base of the cranium
Sphenoid Bone
136
The breastbone in the center of the anterior chest
Sternum
137
Attachment points in the skull where the cranial bones join together
Sutures
138
The small amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication
Synovial Fluid
139
A bone that articulates with the tibia, calcaneus, and navicular bones to form the lower part of the ankle joint
Talus
140
The bones of the ankles; they include the medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, navicular, cuboid, talus, and calcaneus
Tarsals
141
Bones that form the lower sides and base of the cranium
Temporal Bones
142
the joint between the temporal bone and the posterior condyle of the mandible that allows for movements of the jaw
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
143
Fiberous connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones
Tendons
144
The ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum
Thoracic Cage
145
The 12 vertebrae located in the center of the vertebral column that (mostly) connect with the ribs
Thoracic Vertebrae
146
The shin bone; the larger of the two bones of the lower leg
Tibia
147
The perception of sound in the inner ear with no external environmental cause; often reported as "ringing" in the ears, but may be roaring, buzzing, or clicking
Tinnitus
148
Bony rods that make up a lacy network of cancellous bones and are oriented to increase weight-bearing capacity of long bones
Trabeculae
149
Involuntary contraction of the mouth resulting in clenched teeth; occurs during seizures and head injuries
Trismus
150
The longer, medial bone of the forearm
Ulna
151
The humerus bones, radius bones, ulna bones, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
Upper Limbs
152
The posterior portion of a vertebra, which contains the bony processes, facets, and pedicles
Vertebral Arch
153
The spine, or primary support structure of the body, which houses the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves
Vertebral Column
154
A hole through which spinal nerves pass from the spinal cord
Vertebral Foramen
155
The flat bone making up the lower posterior nasal septum
Vomer Bone
156
Also known as the malar bones; they form the prominence of each cheek
Zygomatic Bones
157
The depression on the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join, articulates with the femoral head
Acetabulum
158
The point at which the clavicle attaches to the acromion process
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint
159
An injury caused by distraction of the clavicle away from the acromion process of the scapula
Acromioclavicular (AC) Seperation
