Chapter 3: Tissues

Question 1

What is Histology

Answer 1

The study of Tissues

Question 2

What are four major types of Tissues

Answer 2

1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous

Question 3

What are the characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

Answer 3

Tightly Packed cells
Avascular ( Lack of Blood Cells)

Question 4

What are the two main forms of Epithelial Tissue

Answer 4

1. Surface epithelium
2. Glandular epithelium

Question 5

Surface Epithelium has what type cell shape

Answer 5

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

Question 6

What type of layers can Surface Epithelium have

Answer 6

Simple
Stratified

Question 7

Cell Junctions are what hold cells together to form tissues. What are the 4 types of Cell Junctions

Answer 7

Tight Junctions
Adhering Junctions
Gap Junctions
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes

Question 8

What are Tight junctions

Answer 8

Strands of Transmembrane proteins fuse adjacent cells together. Nothing can get through.

Good for a “water tight” seal
Ex: Stomach. Bladder

Question 9

What are Adhering junctions

Answer 9

Adhesion belt like Velcro made of plaque surrounds the cell

“Good for keeping Epithelial surface from slipping/ sliding out of position”

Question 10

What are Gap junction

Answer 10

They allow cells to communicate to each other, share nutrients & transfer chemical/ electric signals

Question 11

What are Desmosomes

Answer 11

Incorporates plaque, cadherins, and the cytoskeleton

Keeps cells from being pulled apart

Question 12

What are Hemidesmosome

Answer 12

Similar to desmosome they are half

They anchor cells to the basement membrane

Question 13

Squamous Epithelium looks like

Answer 13

Flat fried eggs shaped

Question 14

Cuboidal Epithelium looks like

Answer 14

Cube shaped

Question 15

Columnar Epithelium looks like

Answer 15

Very tall cells that look like columns

Question 16

If we have a single layer of cells that is named

Answer 16

Simple

Question 17

If we have several layers of cells that are top of each other that is named

Answer 17

Stratified

Question 18

What is Transitional Epithelium

Answer 18

Going from RELAXED to STRETCHED

Question 19

What is Pseudostratified

Answer 19

It is giving off the appearance that it is several layers but it is actually a single layer

Question 20

What is Cilia

Answer 20

Cilia gives directionality to what is passing by

Question 21

What is Microvilli

Answer 21

Increases the surface area of the cell

Question 22

What is Surface Epithelium

Answer 22

Long sheets of cells that lines and covers surfaces

Those surfaces can be external (Epidermis) or internal

Question 23

What gives the cells the toughness they need to survive wear and tare

Answer 23

Keratin

Question 24

What is Glandular Epithelium

Answer 24

Type of Epithelium is specialized to produce and secrete (release) substances

Question 25

What type of Glandular Epithelium ( Endocrine Gland)

Answer 25

Do not have ducts Secretes hormones

Question 26

What type of Glandular Epithelium ( Exocrine Gland)

Answer 26

Have ducts Secretes everything else but NOT hormones

Question 27

When an exocrine gland has a single duct it is called

Answer 27

Simple

Question 28

When an exocrine gland has multiple ducts it is called

Answer 28

Compound

Question 29

I the secreting portion of the gland looks like a tube it is called

Answer 29

Tubular

Question 30

What is the shape of a exocrine gland called when its very rounded like a grape

Answer 30

Acinar

Question 31

When a secreting portion of a gland looks coiled it is called

Answer 31

Coiled

Question 32

Functional classification of Exocrine Glands

Answer 32

Tells us how the gland released the product Merocrine= Also called Eccrine glands, releases the secretion via exocytosis Apocrine= Release secretion by pinching off the apical portion of the cell Holocrine= Store their secretion until they rupture and release their contents

Question 33

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

Answer 33

Protection Secretion Excretion Absorption Sensory

Question 34

General function of Connective Tissue

Answer 34

Support and connect the other tissues Characteristics: Cells + Extracellular matrix Highly Vascularized (lots of blood vessels)

Question 35

What is Dense (Fibrous) Connective Tissue

Answer 35

1. Cells: **Fibroblast ** fibroblast is a type of cell that contributes to the formation of connective tissue Dense REGULAR Connective Tissue - Protein fibers are arranged in parallel bundles - Located in the Tendons and Ligaments Dense IRREGULAR Connective Tissue - Protein fibers running in different directions - Located in Fibrous pericardium, dura mater, sclera, perichondrium and periosteum

Question 36

What is Adipose tissue

Answer 36

1. Cells ** Adipocytes** Functions: - Energy reserve - Insulate against heat lost - Support and protects organs

Question 37

What is Cartilage Tissue

Answer 37

Cartilage Tissue is AVASCULAR 1. Cells **Chondrocytes** Sub-types Hyaline= Tough but also flexible; most abundant cartilage in our body. Located: front of nose, trachea. Elastic= The most elastic out of the 3 types of cartilage. Locations outer ear, epiglottis. Fibrous= Toughest one out the 3 types of cartilage. Locations pubic symphysis.