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BIOL 242 Unit 1 Flashcards > Chapter 3 vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 3 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Permeability

A

Determines what moves in and out of a cell, and a membrane that restricts movement is selectively permeable

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2
Q

Permeability restricts materials based off

A
  • size
  • electrical charge
  • molecular shape
  • lipid solubility
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3
Q

Passive processes

A

no energy required

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4
Q

active processes

A

requiring energy

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5
Q

types of transport processes

A
  • diffusion and osmosis (passive)
  • carrier-mediated transport (passive or active)
  • vesicular transport (active)
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6
Q

Diffusion

A

Net movement of a substance from area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration

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7
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Difference between high and low concentrations of a substance

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8
Q

Factors influencing diffusion

A
  • Distance the particle has to move
  • Ion and molecule size (smaller=faster)
  • Temp (hotter=faster)
  • conc. gradient (steeper grad.=faster diff)
  • Electrical forces (opp attract, likes repel)
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9
Q

Simple diffusion

A
  • lipid soluble compounds
  • Dissolved gases
  • water molecules
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10
Q

Channel mediated diffusion

A
  • water-soluble compounds and ions

- affected by size, charge, and interaction with cell walls

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11
Q

Osmosis

A
  • diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

- water molecules diffuse across a membrane toward the solution with more solutes

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12
Q

osmotic pressure

A

The force with which pure water moves into a solution as a result of solute conc.

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13
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure needed to block osmosis

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14
Q

Aquaporins

A

Abundant water channels that water can use to cross through a membrane

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15
Q

osmopolarity (osmotic conc)

A

Total solute conc in a solution

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16
Q

Tonicity

A

How a solution affects cells

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17
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Does not cause osmotic flow

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18
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Lower solute conc than the cell

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19
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Higher solute conc than the cell

20
Q

Hemolysis

A

Rupture of a cell in a hypotonic solution. Gains water

21
Q

Crenation

A

Loss of water and shrinkage of a cell in a hypertonic solution

22
Q

Carrier-mediated transport

A

Proteins transport ions or organic substrates across plasma membrane

23
Q

Aspects of carrier-mediated transport

A
  • specificity
  • saturation limits
  • regulation
24
Q

Symport (cotransport)

A

Two substances move in the same direction at the same time (carrier-mediated)

25
Q

Antiport (countertransport)

A

One substance moves in while another moves out

26
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Carrier proteins transport molecules too large to fit through channel proteins. Passive

27
Q

Receptor site

A

Where the molecule binds on a carrier protein

28
Q

Active transport

A

Move substrates against conc. gradients

29
Q

Ion pumps

A

Move ions (Na,K,Ca,Mg). Active

30
Q

Exchange pumps

A

Move two ions in opposite directions at the same time

31
Q

Primary active transport

A

Pumping solutes against a conc. gradient using ATP

32
Q

Sodium-potassium exchange pump

A

One ATP powers the movement of 3 sodium ions (Na) out, and 2 potassium ions (K) in

33
Q

Secondary active transport

A

ATP required to establish a conc. gradient of one substance in order to passively transport another. (ex. Na conc. gradient drives glucose transport into cells)

34
Q

Vasicular transport (bulk transport)

A

Materials move into or out of a cell in vesicles

35
Q

Endocytosis

A

The importation of extracellular materials packaged within vesicles, which requires ATP

36
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

Receptors (glycoproteins) bind target molecules (ligands)

37
Q

Clathrin-coated pits

A

Where receptors and their ligands migrate to in plasma membrane to enter cell in Receptor-mediated endocytosis.

38
Q

Caveolae

A

Small indentations with which some receptors are associated with in receptor-mediated endocytosis

39
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Endosomes “drink” extracellular fluid

40
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Large objects engulfed in phagosomes

41
Q

Pseudopodia

A

Cytoplasmis extensions used in phagocytosis

42
Q

Exocytosis

A

Granules or droplets are released from the cell as a vesicle fuses to plasma membrane

43
Q

Potential difference

A

When positive and negative charges are separated in membrane potential

44
Q

Membrane potential

A

Unequal charge across the plasma membrane

45
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

-10mV to -100 mV (depends on cell type)

BIOL 242 Unit 1 Flashcards (3 decks)

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