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BIOL 242 Unit 1 Flashcards > Chapter 4 vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 4 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues

A

Collections of specialized cells and cell products that performs specific functions

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2
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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3
Q

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

A
  1. Provide physical protection
  2. Control permeability
  3. Provide sensation
  4. Produce specialized secretions
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4
Q

Characteristics of epithelia

A
  • Polarity
  • Cellularity (cell junctions)
  • Attachment (basement membrane)
  • Avascularity (avascular)
  • Regeneration
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5
Q

Specializations of epithelial cells

A
  1. Move fluids over the epithelium (protection)
  2. Move fluids through the epithelium (permeability)
  3. Produce secretions (protection and messaging)at
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6
Q

Integrity of epithelia maintained by

A
  1. intercellular connections
  2. attachment to basement membrane
  3. epithelial maintenance and repair
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7
Q

Apical surface

A

Microvilli increase surface area and absorption

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8
Q

Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)

A

Transmembrane proteins that serve as support and communication (intercellular connections)

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9
Q

Cell junctions

A

Form bonds with other cells or extracellular material

  1. Gap junctions
  2. Tight junctions
  3. Desmosomes
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10
Q

Gap Junction functions

A
  • Allow rapid communication
  • Cells held together by interlocking transmembrane proteins (connexons)
  • allows small molecules and ions to pass
  • coordinate contractions in heart muscle
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11
Q

Tight junctions

A
  • between two plasma membranes
  • adhesion belt attaches to terminal web
  • prevent passage of water and solutes
  • keep enzymes, acids, and wastes in the lumen of the digestive tract
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12
Q

Desmosomes

A
  • CAMs and proteoglycans link opposing plasma membranes

- attachment to basement membrane (basal lamina and reticular lamina)

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13
Q

Spot desmosomes

A
  • tie cells together

- allow bending and twisting

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14
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

attach cells to basement membrane

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15
Q

Classification of epithelia based on shape

A
  • Squamous: thin and flat
  • Cuboidal: square shaped
  • Columnar: tall, slender rectangles
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16
Q

Classification of epithelia based on layers

A
  • Simple epithelium: Single layer of cells

- Stratified epithelium: Several layers of cells

17
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Absorption and diffusion

18
Q

Mesothellum

A

lines body cavities (simple squamous)

19
Q

endothellum

A

forms inner lining of heart and blood vessels (simple squamous)

20
Q

stratified squamous epithelia

A
  • Protects against mechanical stresses

- Keratin adds strength and water resistance

21
Q

simple cuboidal epithelia

A
  • secretion and absorption

- glands and portion of kidney tubules

22
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelia

A
  • relatively rare

- ducts of sweat glands and mammary glands

23
Q

transitional epithelia

A
  • tolerate repeated cycles of stretching without damage
  • Appearance changes as stretching occurs
  • Found in urinary bladder
24
Q

simple columnar epithelia

A
  • absorption and secretion

- Found in stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

25
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelia

A
  • typically have cilia

- found in nasal cavity, trachae, bronchii

26
Q

stratified columnar epithelia

A
  • relatively rare

- provide protection in pharynx, anus, urethra

27
Q

Glands

A

Collections of epithelial cells that produce secretions

28
Q

Endocrine glands

A
  • release hormones that enter bloodstream

- no ducts

29
Q

Exocrine glands

A
  • produce exocrine secretions

- Discharge secretions through ducts onto epithelial surfaces

30
Q

Gland structure

A
  • unicellular glands

- multicellular glands

31
Q

Goblet cells

A
  • unicellular exocrine glands

- secrete mucin, mixes with water to form mucus

32
Q

Multicellular exocrine glands classified by…

A
  1. Structure of duct
  2. Shape of secretory portion of gland
  3. Relationship between ducts and glandular areas
33
Q

Methods of secretion

A
  1. Merocrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. Holocrine
34
Q

Merocrine secretion

A

released by secretory vesicles (exocytosis)

35
Q

Apocrine secretion

A

released by shedding cytoplasm

36
Q

holocrine secretion

A
  • released by cells bursting, killing gland cells

- Gland cells replaced by stem cells

BIOL 242 Unit 1 Flashcards (3 decks)

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