Chapter 3; Vocab Questions

Question 1

Organic Compound

Answer 1

Any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements.

Question 2

Inorganic Compound

Answer 2

A chemical compound that lacks carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Question 3

Macromolecules

Answer 3

A very large molecule important to biological processes, such as a protein or nucleic acid.

Question 4

Hydrocarbon

Answer 4

Is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

Question 5

Isomer

Answer 5

Molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula (Same number of atoms of each element).

Question 6

Functional Group

Answer 6

A substituents or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecules characteristic chemical reactions.

Question 7

Polymer

Answer 7

Any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, which are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers.

Question 8

Monomer

Answer 8

A molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or 3-D network in a process called polymerization.

Question 9

Enzymes

Answer 9

Proteins that act as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions.

Question 10

Dehydration Reaction

Answer 10

A chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecular or ion.

Question 11

Hydrolysis

Answer 11

Any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.

Question 12

Carbohydrate

Answer 12

A biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually with hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1.

Question 13

Monosaccharide

Answer 13

The simplest carbohydrates.

Question 14

Disaccharide

Answer 14

The sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage.

Question 15

Polysaccharide

Answer 15

The most abundant carbohydrates found in food.

Question 16

Starch

Answer 16

A complex carbohydrate that is a natural component of many plants.

Question 17

Glycogen

Answer 17

The stored form of glucose that’s made-up of many connected glucose molecules.

Question 18

Cellulose

Answer 18

A molecule, consisting of hundreds- and sometimes even thousands- of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Question 19

Chitin

Answer 19

A tough semitransparent polysaccharide (sugar molecule) that is a key component of the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as crustaceans and insects, and the cell walls of some fungi and algal.

Question 20

Lipid

Answer 20

Fatty, waxy or oily compounds that are a key structural component of living cells.

Question 21

Fatty acid

Answer 21

The building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat.

Question 22

Fat

Answer 22

A form of body tissue on animals.

Question 23

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 23

A type of fat that is solid at room temperature and comes from animal products and tropical oils.

Question 24

Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 24

One or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 25

Phospholipids

Answer 25

Compounds lipids, consisting of phosphoric acids, nitrogen base, alcohol and fatty acids.

Question 26

Steroid

Answer 26

An organic compound with four fused rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

Question 27

Cholesterol

Answer 27

The principle sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

Question 28

Protein

Answer 28

They are one of the building blocks of body tissue and can also serve as a fuel source.

Question 29

Amino acid

Answer 29

Molecules that combine to form proteins.

Question 30

Polypeptide

Answer 30

Short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 31

Nucleic acid

Answer 31

Are large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses.

Question 32

Nucleotide

Answer 32

A molecule that is the fundamental building block of DNA and RNA, the nucleic acids that carry genetic information in cells.

Question 33

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Answer 33

A molecule that contains the genetic information that helps organisms grow, develop and pass on their traits to future generations.

Question 34

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Answer 34

A polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions. To create proteins via translation.

Question 35

Antiparallel

Answer 35

Arrangement of two parallel structures in opposite orientations.