chapter 31

Question 1

what is a fungi?

Answer 1

-heterotrophs that feed by absorbtion
1) decompose
2) parasites
3)mutualists

Question 2

common body structure of the fungi?

Answer 2

is multicellular filaments and single cells (yeasts)

Question 3

what does fungi consists of?

Answer 3

-mycelia network of branched hyphae for absorption
-mycelium: maximizes space
-chitin
-hyphae divided into septa: cell-to cell movement

Question 4

what does coenocytic fungi lack?

Answer 4

septa and have a contious cytoplamic mass.

Question 5

haustoria?

Answer 5

-some specialized hyphae that allow them to penertrate tissue

Question 6

what is mycorrhizal fungi?

Answer 6

-they are mutually benefiials
between fungi and plant roots
-most vascular plants has this

Question 7

what is ectomycorrhizal fungi?

Answer 7

-it forms shaeths of hyphae over a root and also grow into the extracellular spaces

Question 8

what is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?

Answer 8

it is an extended hyphae through the cell walls of roots cells and into tubes formed by invagination of the root cell membrane

Question 9

sexual reproduction of fungi?

Answer 9

-requires the fusion of hyphae from different mating types
-uses pheromones to communicate mating.
-plasmogamy: union of the cytoplasm from two parent mycelia
-heterokaryon: when nuceli coexists.
-dikaryotic: mycelium is said to be
-karyogamy: nuclear fusion

Question 10

what is the asexual reproduction?

Answer 10

molds by mitosis
-yeasts is an ex: by simple cell divison
-deuteromycetes: imperfect fungi

Question 11

phylum 1) chytrids

Answer 11

-frehwater and terrestrial habitats
-can do all three
-has zoospores

Question 12

phylum 2) zygomycetes

Answer 12

-greatly diverse
-fast growing molds, parasites and symbionts
-survuve extreme conditions.

Question 13

phylum 3) glomeromycetes

Answer 13

-form arbuscular mycorrhizae

Question 14

phylum 4) ascomycetes

Answer 14

-fw, marine and terrsitrail habiatat
-produces saclike, asci contained in ascocarps.
-sace fungi

Question 15

phylum 5) basidiomycetes

Answer 15

-mushroom, shelf fungi
-defined by a clublike struture “basidium”
decompser of wood
-fairy rings
fruiting bodies called “basidiocraps”

Question 16

what is endophytes?

Answer 16

-mutualisms
-lives inisde leaves or other plants
-prevents attacking

Question 17

fungus-animal symbiosis

Answer 17

-helps digest things

Question 18

what is lichens?

Answer 18

-symbiotic association b/w fungi and microorg.
-alage or cynobacteria lives under

Question 19

fungi as parastic

Answer 19

-can be toxic to humans
ex: yaest infection
ringworm
-in animals itis mycosis