Chapter 31 Flashcards
(36 cards)
Capitulations
Agreements that exempted European visitors from ottoman law and provided European powers with extraterritoriality
Muhammad Ali
Military leader who drafted peasants and had his military trained by European officers
Mahmud II
Highest reform priority was the military
Tazimat Reforms
Lift capitulations and recover Ottoman sovereignty
Young Ottomans
Views ranged from secular revolution to uncompromising Islam
Young Turks
Most dissident organization for Union and progress
Constitution of 1876
An army coup forced Abdül Hamid to restore parliament and the constitution
Tsar Alexander II
Abolished serfdom
Nicholas II
Weak ruler who favored oppression and police control
Crimean War
Russia attempted to gain back a territory but failed because of their weak military
Great Reforms
Chinese reforms rebelling against the government
Zemstvos
Government created district assemblies
Sergei Witte
Key to Russia’s industrialization- railroads
Pogroms
Anti Jewish protests
Russo Japanese war
Conflict in Russia’s eastward expansion
Bloody Sunday
Massacre of workers outside the tsars palace
Duma
Russia’s first form of parliament
Cohung system
Specially licensed Chinese firms who worked the market under strict rules
Opium War
War that came from angry Britain about opium trade being cut off in China
Treaty of nanjing
Ended the opium war and opened China up even more to outside trade
Unequal treaties
After a European power overruled an Asian nation the imposed unfair and humiliating treaties on them
Taiping Rebellion
Revolution that made Nanjing the capital
Hong Xiuquan
Provided the inspiration for the taiping rebellion
Self strengthening movement
Governmental movement to being incorporating European cultural aspects
