Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NRSG 210 > Chapter 32 and 33 Diuretics and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Chapter 32 and 33 Diuretics and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three major endocrine functions of the kidneys*

A

Renin
Erythropoietin
Calcitriol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the function of renin*

A

Renin starts a chain reaction that ultimately results in the production of Angiotensin II which narrows blood vessels and releases aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What effect does aldosterone have on the body*

A

Aldosterone helps your body retain water and salt which both increase the amount of water in your body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the function of calcitriol*

A

it stimulates the intestines to uptake more calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 3 common adverse effects of diuretic therapy**

A

Electrolyte imbalance
Dehydration
Hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do loop Diuretics work*

A

they block Na and chloride reabsorption in the loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are two indications for loop diuretics **

A

Edema and CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the two routes of administration for loop diuretics**

A

Oral or parenteral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is one adverse effect of loop diuretics

A

ototoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is it safe to give loop diuretics to a person with a sulfonamide allergy

A

no this is a contraindication of loop diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are 4 nursing considerations when administering loop diuretics

A

-Establish safety precautions
-Ensure ready access to a bathroom
-Administer early in the day
-Watch K+ levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a drug that is similar to furosemide***

A

-Bumetanide (Bumex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are two indications for Bumetanide *

A

Ascites
Peripheral edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which loop diuretic causes the most significant hearing loss

A

Ethacrynic acid (edecrin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

do thiazides cause ototoxicity

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do Thiazide diuretics work

A

Acts on distal tubule to decrease reabsorption of sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the treatment for a thiazide overdose**

A

Infusion of fluids containing electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are 4 considerations when a patient is taking thiazide**

A

-Encourage water ofer caffeine drinks
-use caution with electrolyte drinks
-monitor serum electrolytes
-monitor I&O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what pregnancy category is thiazide**

A

Category B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the mechanism of action for potassium sparring diuretics

A

inhibits the action of aldosterone on the distal tubule and collecting ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is an indication for potassium sparring diuretics

A

Mild HTN

22
Q

What are 5 drug interactions for PSD**

A

-ammonium chloride drugs (because it causes acidosis)
-Aspirin decreases effectiveness
-PSD’s decrease the effectiveness of digoxin
-Hyperkalemia if taken with potassium supplements ACE inhibitors and ARB’s
-additivehypotenshion with other BP meds

23
Q

what is the prototype drug for PSD’s with its brand name

A

Spironolactone (aldactone)

24
Q

What percentage of the body’s water is in intracellular fluid**

A

2/3 (65%)

25
Q

what percentage of the body’s water is in the extracellular fluid**

A

1/3 (35%)

26
Q

what is the major electrolyte of the extracellular fluid

A

Na

27
Q

What is the normal range for sodium levels **

A

135 mEq/L-145 mEq/L

28
Q

what is the prototype drug to treat hyponatremia

A

sodium chloride

29
Q

What are 5 adverse effects of sodium chloride **

A

-lethargy
-confusion
-muscle tremor or rigidity
-hypertenshion
-pulmonary edema

30
Q

what is a key hormone to maintain potassium levels **

A

insulin because it lowers blood potassium levels by driving it into cells

31
Q

what is the lab value for hyperkalemia**

A

Serum levels greater than 5 mEq/L

32
Q

what is the lab value for hypokalemia***

A

serum levels less than 3.5 mEq/L

33
Q

what are two reasons you would administer potassium supplements**

A

hypokalemia
treat mild alkalosis (because potassium ions cause hydrogen ions to shift more potassium=more acidic)

34
Q

What is the maximum rate you can infuse potassium

A

10 mEq/h

35
Q

What problems can a magnesium imbalance cause**

A

significantly affect cardiovascular and neuromuscular function

36
Q

what organ are the magnesium levels of the body controlled by**

A

Mag levels are controlled by the kidneys

37
Q

what is the healthy range for magnesium levels and in what units ***

A

0.65 mmol/L-1.05 mmol/L

38
Q

what are two common causes of hypomagnesemia **

A

Renal problems
loop diuretics

39
Q

what is the major cause of hypermagnesemia **

A

Advanced renal failure

40
Q

what is the second most abundant intracellular cation**

A

Mag

41
Q

What are 4 adverse effects of magnesium imbalance **

A

-flushing of the skin
-confusion/sedation
-thirst
-muscle weakness

42
Q

what are 4 SERIOUS adverse effects of a magnesium imbalance**

A

-neuromuscular blockade
-Respiratory paralysis
-Heart block (heart electric impulse blocked)
-circulatory collapse/shock

43
Q

what is the most abundant mineral in the body**

A

Ca

44
Q

what is the ideal calcium range with its units**

A

2.1 mmol/L - 2.5 mmol/L

45
Q

what is a common cause of hypercalcemia**

A

overactive parathyroid gland

46
Q

What are two major causes of hypocalcemia ***

A

Lack of vit D
hypothyroidism

47
Q

what are two serious adverse effects of calcium imbalance ***

A

Dysrhythmias
Cardiac arrest

48
Q

What are some major contraindications for calcium supplementation ***

A

-Digoxin toxicity
-hyperphosphatemia
-cardiac abnormalities due to hypercalcemia

49
Q

why is hyperphosphatemia a contraindication for calcium supplementation

A

if there is too much phosphorus it will bind with calcium and form an insoluble compound that will calcify organs

50
Q
A

NRSG 210 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions