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NRSG 210 > Just the stars > Flashcards

Just the stars Flashcards

1
Q

can you always substitute generic drug for the brand name***

A

no if the drug is a critical care drug or has narrow safety margins it can not be substituted for generic

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2
Q

what are 4 factors that can affect bioavailability***

A

Brand name vs generic drug
difference in inert or active ingredients
Rate of absorption
Tablet compression

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3
Q

what are 10 things that a nurse needs to know about every medication they give to a patient***

A

-What drug is ordered and why
-name of drug
-intended use
-effects on body
-contraindications
-special considerations (Things to consider when giving a pt meds)
-adverse effects
-How drug is supplied by the pharmacy
-How to administer the drug
-what nursing process considerations related to the drug apply to this patient

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4
Q

What are 5 things that a nurse must obtain form the PT before administering a drug***

A

Physical assessment
Past medical history
Any history of allergies
Previous medications
Patients learning capabilities

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5
Q

what is therapeutic Index***

A

ratio of drugs LD50 to its ED50 measure of a drugs safety margin the higher the value the safer the medication

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6
Q

WHat medication do you need to be very aware of the dose response relationship***

A

antibiotics

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7
Q

what is potency of a drug***

A

Amount of drug needed to produce a specific effect

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8
Q

what is efficacy of a drug***

A

Greatest maximal response produced by a drug

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9
Q

which one is more important efficacy or potency in determining if a drug is more therapeutic**

A

efficacy

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10
Q

what are the aspects that patient education should include**

A

-Carry a list of all current meds in cas of emergency
-Have allergies listed
-Use one pharmacy if possible
-consult pharmacist if medication looks unfamiliar
-teach the 5 rights to the patient
-teach adverse reactions and which to report immediately
-teach patient to read drug label prior to each administration
-all left over medication should be disposed of not saved for future use

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11
Q

what medications are extremely common in poisonings for toddlers***

A

Analgesics
Cough syrup
Topical ointments
Vitamins

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12
Q

What are the 7 side effects of opioids***

A

LOC major change
Respiratory depression
Nausea Vomiting
Constipation
urinary retention
Pruritus
Myoclonus (muscle twitches)

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13
Q

What are key interactions to be aware of with tramadol***

A

-Do not take in combination with Antidepressants and MAOI’s(old school antidepressant)
-DO NOt drink alcohol causes sudden death
-if taken with CYP2D6 inhibitors tramadol will have a reduced analgesic affect

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14
Q

what order are the three forms of anesthesia given in***

A
  1. IV
  2. Inhaled/gas
  3. Local/topical
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15
Q

Neurolept anesthesia is induced by what drug***

A

IV opioids induce neurolept anaesthesia

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16
Q

Along with the normal adverse effects of opioids what are the most common adverse effects of Fentanyl***

A

-resp depression
-apnea
-skeletal muscle rigidity***
-bradycardia

17
Q

What are three things should be monitored when giving someone IV anesthetic***

A

Respiratory depression and LOC
ECG for cardiac dysrhythmias
Dystonia

18
Q

What is dystonia***

A

it is a state of abnormal muscle tone resulting in muscular spasms and abnormal posture and means the medication is not working

19
Q

When inserting a chest tube what method of local anesthetic would you used***

A

Infiltration anesthetic

20
Q

what is the onset of local anesthetic dependant on***

A

the onset is dependant on the drugs ability to diffuse from application site to the surrounding nerves***

21
Q

What are three reasons that epinephrine would be administered with local anesthetic ***

A

Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor so it
1. Limits blood loss
2. Reduces systemic distribution of the drug
3. extends the duration of action of the local anesthetic

22
Q

what parts of the body should you never use epinephrine and local anesthetic***

A

Fingers
Nose
Penis
Toes

23
Q

what are the the seven main principles of pain management***

A

-Immediate goal is to reduce pain so that a person can perform ADLS
-patient should be considered expert in their own pain
-pain management is a patients right
-Non pharmacological interventions should be encouraged because of less adverse effects
-combo therapy is best (opioid non opioid) since it reduces adverse effects
-dosing should be individualized
-adverse effects should be anticipated and prevented

24
Q

what are the 5 common truths about pain***

A

-Patients who are in pain may not appear to be in pain
-Patients can sleep when their in pain
-Very few patients become addicted to their medication (0.01%)
-patients who are addicted to medication do not necessarily over report pain because they are drug seeking
-Vital signs are not a reliable indicator of pain

25
Q

what are the three things that Non Opioid analgesics are characterized by ***

A
  1. they have a ceiling effect
  2. They do not produce tolerance or physical dependance
  3. many are available without a prescription
26
Q

What are NSAIDS used for***

A
  1. Anti inflammatory
  2. Analgesic
  3. Antipyretic
27
Q

what are 5 adverse effects of aspirin**

A

Stomach pain
Heartburn
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea

28
Q

what are 4 signs of ASA overdose ***

A

Occult bleeding (GI bleeding)
Nephrotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
Tinnitus or hearing loss

29
Q

What are three lab values to monitor when someone is using ASA***

A
  1. Prothrombin time
  2. INR
  3. Fasting blood glucose if diabetic
30
Q

what are the three main action mechanism of bronchodilators ***

A
  1. Stimulate Beta 2 receptors resulting in bronchodilation
  2. inhibit release of bronchoconstriction substances from mast cells
  3. Increase mucociliary transport
31
Q

What is an example of a SABA with its trade and generic name

A

Salbutamol trade name Ventolin

32
Q

what is an example of a LABA with it’s trade and generic name

A

Salmeterol trade name Serevent

33
Q

what are 4 serious adverse effects of bronchodilators **

A

Tachycardia
Bronchospasm’s
tremors
chest pain

34
Q

what are 4 drug interactions to be aware of for bronchodilators ***

A
  1. Beta blockers
  2. MAOI’s
  3. Thyroid Hormone
  4. Caffeine
35
Q

what are 5 contraindications of anticholinergics***

A
  1. hypersensitivity to ipratropium, soya lecithin soy beans or peanuts
  2. Narrow angle glaucoma
  3. BPH
  4. Urinary tract obstruction\
  5. Renal disorders
36
Q

Which mucolytic are used for patients with an acetaminophen overdose ***

A

Acetylcysteine in an iv form is given to patients with an acetaminophen overdose because it binds to the toxic metabolites in the liver

NRSG 210 (19 decks)

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