Chapter 32 - Diaphragm Flashcards
(9 cards)
The pars lumbalis of the diaphragm attaches to which vertebrae in dogs?
A) T10 and T11
B) L2 and L5
C) L3 and L4
D) L5 and L6
C) L3 and L4
The right and left crura of the pars lumbalis attach to the cranial ventral border of L4 and the body of L3.
On lateral radiographs, the right diaphragmatic crus can be identified by its:
A) Association with the gastric fundus
B) Confluence with the caudal vena cava
C) Attachment to the left kidney
D) Connection with the thoracic duct
B
Approximately what percentage of intrathoracic volume change during quiet respiration is due to diaphragmatic movement?
A) 25%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 75%
Diaphragmatic contraction contributes ~75% of the change in intrathoracic volume; intercostal muscles contribute the rest.
Which of the following embryological structures contributes to the formation of the diaphragm?
A) Hepatic diverticulum
B) Septum transversum
C) Mesonephric ridge
D) Mesodermal ridge
B
The diaphragm is embryologically formed by the septum transversum, pleuroperitoneal folds, and mesentery of the foregut.
Which of the following is a radiographic sign specific to a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) in cats?
A) Asymmetry of the diaphragm on lateral projection
B) Dorsal peritoneopericardial mesothelial remnant between the heart and diaphragm
C) Caudal displacement of the cupula due to heart contact
D) Cardiac silhouette shifted laterally
b
Which radiographic feature is most helpful in differentiating a diaphragmatic hernia from other thoracic abnormalities?
A) Displacement of the heart and mediastinum
B) Pleural fluid presence
C) Identification of abdominal viscera in the thorax
D) Altered slope of the diaphragm
c
Which of the following is a nonspecific radiographic sign of diaphragmatic hernia that may obscure more important findings?
A) Gas-filled stomach in the thorax
B) Cranial displacement of abdominal organs
C) Pleural fluid
D) Divergence of diaphragmatic crura
c
Hiatal hernias are most often associated with which concurrent condition?
A) Pneumothorax
B) Esophagitis from gastroesophageal reflux
C) Hepatic cysts
D) Generalized pulmonary edema
b
