Chapter 33: Invertebrates

Question 1

Invertebrate

Answer 1

Animals without a vertebral column (backbone)

Question 2

Spicules

Answer 2

Bone-like structures located in mesohyl

Question 3

Mesohyl

Answer 3

Gelatinous matrix within a sponge

Question 4

Amoebocytes

Answer 4

Absorb food and make spicules

Question 5

Hermaphrodites

Answer 5

Produce eggs and sperm. Most exhibit sequential hermaphroditism (either producing eggs or sperm, never both)

Question 6

Tropical marine sponge (Neopetrosia exigua)

Answer 6

Antibiotic, kills yeasts, anti-cancer

Question 7

Gastrovascular cavity

Answer 7

Sac with a central digestive compartment

Question 8

Sessile Polyps

Answer 8

Variation of Cnidaria, adheres to substrate by a oral end of the body

Question 9

Motile Medusa

Answer 9

Free-swimming form that has a bell-shaped body with a mouth on the underside

Question 10

Cnidocytes

Answer 10

Unique cells used in defense and prey capture

Question 11

Nematocysts

Answer 11

Specialized organelles within cnidocytes that eject a stinging thread (inject poison)

Question 12

Protonephridia

Answer 12

Networks of tubules with ciliated structures called flame bulbs that pull fluid through branched ducts opening to the outside

Question 13

Phylum Porifera

Answer 13

Sponges

Question 14

Phylum Cnidaria

Answer 14

Jellies, coral, hydra, sea anemones, sea fans

Question 15

Clade Lophotrochozoa

Answer 15

Widest range of animal body forms

Question 16

Lophophore

Answer 16

Crown of ciliated tentacles that functions in feeding

Question 17

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Answer 17

Parasites: flukes, tapeworms, fish ectoparasites

Question 18

Phylum Mollusca

Answer 18

Snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses, squids

Question 19

Phylum Annelida

Answer 19

Segmented worms: marine polychaetes, earthworms, leeches

Question 20

Double transport system

Answer 20

Circulatory system and coelomic fluid both carry nutrients, wastes, and respiratory gases

Question 21

Sexual reproduction

Answer 21

Two individuals (sometimes separate sexes, other times hermaphroditic) with internal fertilization

Question 22

Phylum Nematoda

Answer 22

Roundworms

Question 23

C-elegans

Answer 23

Model organism, gene expression and aging

Question 24

Pinworms

Answer 24

Most common parasite in US

Question 25

Phylum Arthropoda

Answer 25

Trilobites, horseshoe crabs, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, millipedes, centipedes, crabs, lobsters, crayfish, isopods, barnacles, insects, etc.

Question 26

Ecdysis

Answer 26

Shedding periodically as one grows/metamorphosizes

Question 27

Complete metamorphosis

Answer 27

The larva is different from the adult in both appearance and life pattern

Question 28

Incomplete metamorphosis

Answer 28

The larva is simply a smaller version of the adult in both

Question 29

Phylum Echinodermata

Answer 29

Sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers

Question 30

Water vascular system

Answer 30

Network of hydraulic canals that branches into tube feet that function in locomotion and feeding

Question 31

Autotomy

Answer 31

Intentionally detaching body parts that will later regenerate

Question 32

Phylum Cordata

Answer 32

Includes vertebrates and two groups of invertebrates (lancelets and tunicates)