Chapter 34: Vertebrates

Question 1

Phylum Cordata

Answer 1

Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyngeal slits or clefts, post-anal tail

Question 2

Cephalocordata

Answer 2

Lancelets

Question 3

Urocordata

Answer 3

Tunicates

Question 4

Hox genes

Answer 4

Associated with complex nervous system and development of skull and vertebrae

Question 5

Vertebrae

Answer 5

Made of bone or cartilage, surrounds dorsal nerve cord, attachment site for muscles

Question 6

Neural crest

Answer 6

Cells in embryo that migrate to form teeth, bones and cartilage of skull, types of neurons, eyes and sensory organs

Question 7

Agnatha

Answer 7

Jawless fish - hagfishes, lampreys

Question 8

Chondrichthytes

Answer 8

Cartilaginous fishes

Question 9

Osteichthyes

Answer 9

Bony fishes

Question 10

Tetrapod

Answer 10

Four limbs with digits, neck, ears, absence of gills

Question 11

Amphibians

Answer 11

Urodela, Anura, Apoda

Question 12

Anura

Answer 12

Frogs, nearly 90% of amphibians, typically lack tails, strong hind legs

Question 13

Urodela

Answer 13

Salamanders, have tails, some aquatic

Question 14

Paedomorphosis

Answer 14

Adult has larval characteristics

Question 15

Apoda

Answer 15

Caecilians, nearly blind tropical borrowers, legless

Question 16

Amniotic egg

Answer 16

Contains four membranes that protect the embryo and reduce dependence on water for reproduction

Question 17

Extraembryonic membranes

Answer 17

Amnion, chorion, yolk sac, allantois

Question 18

Amnion

Answer 18

Protects embryo from dehydration and injury

Question 19

Chorion

Answer 19

Main function for gas exchange

Question 20

Yolk sac

Answer 20

Surrounds the yolk, holds food (yolk) for embryo

Question 21

Allantois

Answer 21

Holds waste

Question 22

Shell

Answer 22

Prevents dehydration

Question 23

Reptiles

Answer 23

Turtles, tuataras, lizards, snakes, crocodilians, birds

Question 24

Ectothermic

Answer 24

Cold blooded, external sources heat the body

Question 25

Endothermic

Answer 25

Warm blooded, internal heat

Question 26

Squamata

Answer 26

Snakes and lizards

Question 27

Testudines

Answer 27

Turtles

Question 28

Crocodilians

Answer 28

Crocodiles and alligators

Question 29

Birds

Answer 29

Freaks with wings

Question 30

Mammals

Answer 30

Monotremes, Marsupials, Eutherians

Question 31

Monotremes

Answer 31

Echidnas, platypus. Oviparous (eggs that are fertilized)

Question 32

Marsupials

Answer 32

Kangaroos, wallabies, koala, Tasmanian devils, bandicoot, opossums. Viviparous (live birth)

Question 33

Marsupium

Answer 33

Pouch in which babies develop and nurse

Question 34

Eutherians

Answer 34

Placental mammals. Complex placenta, longer pregnancies, viviparous (live birth)