Chapter 34

Question 1

Symmetry of Phylum Chordata

Answer 1

Bilateral

Question 2

All chordates at some point will have…

Answer 2

1) Notochord
2) Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
3) Pharyngeal Slits
4) Post Anal Tail

Question 3

Three subphylums of Choordata that are invertebrates

Answer 3

1) Hemichordata
2) Urochordata
3) Cephalochordata

Question 4

Notocord reduced or absent

Answer 4

Subphylum Hemichordata

Question 5

Characteristics:

1) Adult is sessile (planktonic) without a notochord.
2) Larva with notochord.

Answer 5

Subphylum Urochordate

Question 6

Have all four chordate characteristics throughout life.

Answer 6

Subphylum Cephalochordata (Lanceletes)

Question 7

The invertebrate chordates represent…

Answer 7

A transition between invertebrates & vertebrate

Question 8

The development of sexual maturity in a larva may have played a role in the vertebrate evolution.

Answer 8

Paedogensis

Question 9

Characteristics:

1) High degree of cphalization
2) Cranium and vertebral column is the body axis.
3) Neural crest cells
4) High rates of metabolism and activity

Answer 9

Subphylum Vertebrata

Question 10

Body temp varies, partly controlled by environment

Answer 10

Ectotherm

Question 11

Body temp constant, not controlled by the environment

Answer 11

Endotherm

Question 12

Embryo develops outside the mothers body

Answer 12

Oviparous

Question 13

Emryo develops inside the mother nourished by placenta

Answer 13

Viviparous

Question 14

The embryo develops inside the mother’s body nourished by the yolk

Answer 14

Ovoviviparious

Question 15

Chamber for products excretion, digestion and reproductive system

Answer 15

Cloaca

Question 16

Having two pairs of limbs that support the animal on land

Answer 16

Tetrapod

Question 17

A shelled water retaining egg

Answer 17

Amniote Egg

Question 18

T/F Some fishes breath air?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Ectotherms, Have a Cloaca, 2 Chambered Heart, No external ears.

Answer 19

All fishes

Question 20

Canal on the side of a Fish detects vibrations in the water

Answer 20

Lateral line

Question 21

Characteristics:

Modern forms are lampreys and hagfishes.

Bodies are eel like without paired fins

Cartiliage skeleton

The open mouth is surrounded by a buccal funnel armed with teeth

Some lampreys are ectoparasitic.

Answer 21

Class Agnatha

Question 22

First in recordbony armored plated, 500 mil ago

Answer 22

Ostracoderms

Question 23

Vertebrates with jaws

Answer 23

Gnathostome

Question 24

1) First vertebrates with jaws, 45 mill ago

2) Bone behind: hyomandibular

Answer 24

Class Placoderm

Question 25

1) Cartilage skeleton 2) Placoid tooth like scales 3) Lateral line system 4) No swim bladder 5) Heterocercal tail(both fins even) 6) Gills not covered 7) Paired fins (inflexible-can't stop) 8) Fertilization is internal 9) Most are marine

Answer 25

Class Chondrichthyes

Question 26

1) Bony fish 2) Skeleton of bone 3) Heterocercal tail in primitive 4) Homocercal tail in advanced forms 5) Swim bladder 6) Flat bony scales 7) Lateral line 8) Gills covered by operculum 9) Paired flexible fins 10) fertilization external or internal 11) Most diverse vertebrate class

Answer 26

Class Osteichthyes

Question 27

Ray finned

Answer 27

Actinopterygil

Question 28

Lobe finned

Answer 28

Sarcopterygil

Question 29

Coelacanth

Answer 29

Actinista

Question 30

Lung fishes

Answer 30

Dipnoi

Question 31

ostracoderms> placoderms> chondricthyes & osteichthyes

Answer 31

ostracoderms> placoderms> chondricthyes & osteichthyes

Question 32

In order to make gas exchange possible...

Answer 32

1) Enough surface area for defusion 2) Surface must be moist 3) Air must have higher concentration of oxygen then water

Question 33

More oxygen near surface swirls down by diffusion

Answer 33

Counter Current Gas Exchange

Question 34

In vertebrates kidneys filter... In invertebrates kidneys filter...

Answer 34

Vertebrates: Blood Invertebrates: Coelomic fluid

Question 35

Fishes live in ____ environment to their bodies

Answer 35

Hypotonic

Question 36

Allows the exchange of gases between the embryo and Environment

Answer 36

Chorion

Question 37

Fills a fluid filled sac around the Embryo

Answer 37

Amnion

Question 38

Blood vessels transfer nutrients from the yolk to the embryo

Answer 38

Yolk Sac

Question 39

more endotherms or ectotherms?

Answer 39

Endotherms

Question 40

1) No skin respiration | 2) Division of blood is larger

Answer 40

Reptiles

Question 41

Uses 60% of oxygen breathed in | FYI: Smart animals could never evolved in water

Answer 41

A Mammal's Brain

Question 42

Makes anterior and posterior developments

Answer 42

Hox Genes

Question 43

Name the 5 super groups of Eukaryote

Answer 43

1) Excavata 2) Chromalveolata 3) Rhizaria 4) Archaeplastida 5) Unikonta

Question 44

Members have a groove on one side of the cell

Answer 44

Supergroup Excavata

Question 45

Giardia, Euglena

Answer 45

Supergroup Excavata

Question 46

Some have membrane bound sacs under the plasma membrane, others have plastids similiar to red algea.

Answer 46

Supergroup Chromalveolata

Question 47

Dinoflagelletes, Ciliates, Diatoms, Brown Algea, Water Molds.

Answer 47

Supergroup Chromalveolata

Question 48

Have threadlike pseudopodia

Answer 48

Supergroup Rhizaria

Question 49

Radiolarians, Foraminifera

Answer 49

Supergroup Rhizaria

Question 50

Descendants of the first photosynthetic eukaryotes

Answer 50

Supergroup Archaeplastida

Question 51

Red Algea, Green Algea, Charophytes, Land Plants

Answer 51

Supergroup Archaeplastida

Question 52

Have lobe shaped pseudopodia, all are heterotrophs.

Answer 52

Supergroup Unikonta

Question 53

Slime Molds, Amoebas, Fungi, Animals

Answer 53

Supergroup Unikonta

Question 54

Acorn Worms and Pterobranchs

Answer 54

Subphylum Hemichordata

Question 55

Tunicates

Answer 55

Subphylum Urochordate

Question 56

Lanceletes

Answer 56

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Question 57

Class Agnatha's Common Name

Answer 57

Jawless fishes

Question 58

Gaining water by osmosis in well developed kidneys

Answer 58

Osmoregulation

Question 59

Class Chondrichthyes' Common Name

Answer 59

Cartilaginous

Question 60

Class Placoderm's Common Name

Answer 60

Placeoderms