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Biology Final... Dun Dun Dun.. > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

The study of the relationship between living things and their environment

A

Ecology

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2
Q

A group of similiar organisms which interbreed

A

Species

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3
Q

All the members of a species in a particular area

A

Population

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4
Q

All the species of all living things in a particular area

A

Community

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5
Q

The living community plus the non-living environment

A

Ecosystem

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6
Q

Anywhere something is living

A

Biosphere

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7
Q

Can be divided into various trophic levels or the ways organisms get food energy.

A

Community

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8
Q

1st Level: Obtain food energy by photosynthesis

A

Producers

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9
Q

2nd level: Consume Producers

A

Herbivores

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10
Q

3rd Level: Consume the herbivores

A

Carnivores

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11
Q

4th Level: Top of food chain (not eaten)

A

Top Carnivores

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12
Q

Bacteria and fungi are known as…

A

Decomposers

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13
Q

The breakdown of the dead organic matter which releases vital elements is done by what organism?

A

Bacteria and Fungi

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14
Q

The breakdown of the dead organic matter which releases vital elements is called what?

A

Recycling

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15
Q

The weight of living material

A

Biomass

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16
Q

What is formed when we arrange the biomasses of the various trophic levels in order?

A

Biomass Pyramid

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17
Q

What happens to the biomass of each new teir as you get less inclusive?

A

Biomass reduces due to energy is lost as it is transfered from organism to organism.

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18
Q

A reduction in ___% happens from one biomass teir to the next.

A

10% reduction.

10,000—1,000—-100——10

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19
Q

Name the 5 teirs of biomass pyramid. (*Easier to read from bottom up)

A

1) Producers
2) Herbivores
3) 1st Carnivore
4) 2nd Carnivore
5) Top (Tertiary) Carnivore

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20
Q

Vital elements in an ecosystem are ___ but ___ is not.

A

Recycled; Energy

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21
Q

The transfer of energy through a series of specific organisms

A

Food Chain

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22
Q

A combination of food chains interlocked

A

Food Web

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23
Q

The 1st two trophic stages in aquatic food chain will be…

A

Microscopic

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24
Q

Name 4 non-living vital elemnts in nature

A

Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Calcium, Magnesium

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25
Circular paths of elements passing back and forth between organism and the environment
Biochemical Cycles
26
Name 3 types of Biogeochemical Cycles
1) Hydrogen Cycle 2) Atmosperic Cycle 3) Sedimentary Cycle
27
Oxygen and Hydrogen move in the form of -water molecules-
Hydrogen Cycle
28
Large portion of the element occurs as a -gas- (ex. N & C)
Atmospheric Cycle
29
Elements move form land to seafloor and return to land by geological uplift. (Ex. Phosphorus)
Sedimentary Cycle
30
Which cycle is the easiest to disrupt by man due to rate of erosion can easily be increased (Ex. Construction)
Sedimentary Cycle
31
3 parts of the Water cycle
1) Evaporation 2) Precipitation 3) Transpiration
32
Ocean to Clouds
Evaporation
33
Clouds to Land
Precipitation
34
Plants to Clouds
Transpiration
35
Which exceeds which? | (Precipitation vs. Evaporation)
Evaporation exceeds Precipitation
36
Within the Carbon Cycle, ______ removes Carbon Dioxide from atmosphere
Photosythesis
37
Carbon Dioxide is a ________
Green House Gas | Ability to thicken atmosphere
38
Within Nitrogen Cycle, plants can absorb...
Ammonium Ions (NH4+) & Nitrates (NO3-)
39
Within Nitrogen Cycle, Nitrofying bacteria convert ____ to ____.
Ammonium (NH4+) to Nitrate (NO3-)
40
Within Nitrogen Cycle, Denitrifying Bactria make ______ into ______.
Nitrate (NO3-) into N2 in Atmosphere
41
The Nitrogen Cycle Goes from.....
NH4+ ---- NO3- -------- N2
42
Within the Phosporus Cycle, What releses Phosporus into the environment?
Weathering of rocks
43
Within the Phosporus Cycle, Erosion........
removes and distributes phosporus to the land ecosystem the runnoff to the ocean.
44
Within the Phosporus Cycle, What is the first organism to eat Phosporus to start the link in animals?
Plankton
45
Plankton eat phosporus, then Fish eat them, then Marine Birds eat fish.... What does this eventually create?
The Link between ocean and land for Phosporus.
46
What charge is the soil?
Negatively Charged
47
The place where organisms live refers to...
Habitat (Caves, Hole in tree, Pond)
48
The role the species plays in the environment
Niche
49
Components of one's Niche include....
Habitat, Trophic level, Nutrients required, Breeding, Type of Preditors, Territorial defenses, Symbiotic Relationships.
50
Each species in an ecosystem represents its own seperate....
Niche. Which can be Broad or Narrow
51
Narrow niche
Means fewer options a species has, equals the more suscepitable they are to changes.
52
Broad Niche
Means more options a species has, equals the less suscepitable they are to changes.
53
of species in a community describes its
Diversity
54
___ Hbitats = ___ Species = ___ Diversity
*More
55
Most equal # of different species within the habitats
= Best, Most diverse Habitats
56
When diversity is reduced...
Recycling and energy flow in the ecosystem are reduced.
57
What results when a niche component is in short supply & 2 organisms have the same requirements for this niche component?
Fight to the Death!! (Competition)
58
Competion between same species
Infraspecific Competition
59
What is a major force in natural selection
Competition
60
Competition between different species for resource, where one may be completely eliminated
Interspecific Competition
61
Do closely related species that have similiar niches usually choose to live side by side?
No, Veer away from competition until absolutly nessessary.
62
Instead of competitionin nature for resources, what does the weaker organism do?
Adjust their Niche to something available in habitat.
63
Organisms adjusting their Niche to something available in habitat. (Dropping nuts from great height for uneaten hard shelled nuts in habitat)
Resource Partitioning
64
Prey animals _______ against preditors in natural environments.
Evolve Defenses
65
Do preditors also evolve to be better preditors?
Yes
66
Prey and preditors both evolve to gain the upper hand in natural environment, Includes host-parasite relationships. This is description of...
The Coevolution Preditor/Prey relationship.
67
An environmental factor that regulates the size of a population.
Limiting Factor
68
An Organismal factor that regulates the size of a population. (Ex. Preditation,Competition)
Biological Factor
69
Change in community with time
Succession
70
Within Succession, new species are
Added & Old ones are Eliminated
71
1st species to invade an area
Pioneer Species
72
Most common Pioneer species?
Plants
73
An organism that is characteristic of a certain stage of succession. (Think different species of clam on rock cliff over time of water tides)
Index Species (Zones)
74
A community that does not change over time
Climax community
75
2 types of Succession
1) Primary Succession | 2) Secondary Succession
76
Begins in an area with no previous life | New Lava Rock
Primary Succession
77
Begins in an area that once had life | Abandoned Field
Secondary Succession
78
Within Trends of Succession, Diversity of plants and animals...
Increase
79
Within Trends of Succession, Production by photosynthesis becomes...
Balanced by consumption over time.
80
Within Trends of Succession, the recycling of elements...
Become more efficient
81
The Climax Community is characterized by...
Great diversity and recycling reaches maximum efficiency. "Perfection"
82
The ability to support life
Productivity
83
Level of Productivity is determined by Levels of...
Photosynthesis
84
Concentration of a contaminant at each trotophobic level.
Biological Magnification

Biology Final... Dun Dun Dun.. (2 decks)

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