Chapter 35 #1-22 Flashcards
(22 cards)
He was the Secretary of War. He had this to say about the U.S. involvement in the war, “you have to let business make money out of the process, or businesses won’t work.”
#1 Henry Stimson Pg 831
He was a black leader, head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, threatened a massive “Negro March on Washington” in 1941 to demand equal opportunities for blacks in war jobs and in the armed forces.
#2 A. Phillip Randolph Pg 829
Better news came from the Philippines, which succeeded dramatically in slowing down the mikado’s warriors for five months. The Japanese promptly landed a small but effectively army, he the eloquent and egoistical American commander, withdrew to a strong defensive position at Bataan, not far from Manilla.
#3 Douglas MacArthur Pg 832
An epochal naval battle was fought near Midway on June 3-6, 1942. This admiral a high-grade naval strategist, directed a smaller but skillfully maneuvered carrier force, under Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, against the powerful invading fleet. Midway was a pivotal victory for the U.S. as it halted Japan’s juggernaut.
#4 Chester W. Nimitz Pg 833
An assault on French-held North Africa was a compromise second front, and a far cry from what the badly battered Soviets were demanding. The highly secret attack, launched in November 1942, was headed by this gifted and easy-smiling American general, a master of organization and conciliation.
#5 Dwight D. Eisenhower Pg 836
The over ambitious soldiers of the emperor, plunging into the snake infested jungles of Burma, cut the famed Burma Road. This was the route over which the United States had been trucking a trickle of munitions to the armies of him who was a Chinese generalissimo who was still resisting the Japanese invader in China.
#6 Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) Pg 832
For the presidential campaign of 1944, the Republicans nominated him. He was the popular vote-getting governor of New York. Regarded as a liberal, he had already made a national reputation as a prosecutor of grafters and racketeers in New York City.
#7 Thomas E. Dewey Pg 838
With Roosevelt’s blessing, the vice-presidential nomination finally went to this smiling and self-assured Senator of Missouri. Hitherto inconspicuous, he had recently attained national visibility as the efficient chairman of a Senate committee conducting an investigation of wasteful war expenditures. Nobody had much against him or on him.
#8 Harry S. Truman Pg 841
Early in 1940, after Hitler’s wanton assault onPoland, Roosevelt was persuaded by American and exiled scientists, notably this German-born man to push ahead with prepartions for unlocking the secret of an atomic bomb.
#9 Albert Einstein Pg 845
Orchestrated by this American factories poured forth an avalanche of weaponry: 40 billion bullets, 300,000 aircraft, 76,000 ships, 86,000 tanks and 2.6 million machine guns.
#10 War Production Board (WPB) Pg 826
Full employment and scarce consumer goods fueled a sharp inflationary surge in 1942. This office eventually brought ascending prices under control with extensive regulations. Rationing held down the consumption of critical goods such as meat and butter, through some “black marketeers” and “meatleggers” cheated the system. The War Labor Board (WLB) imposed ceilings on wage increases.
#11 Office of Price Administration (OPA) Pg 826
The armed services enlisted nearly 15 million men in World War II and some 216,000 women, who were employed for noncombat duties. This was a “women in arms” army, WAVES was navy and SPARs was coast guard.
#12 WAACS Pg 827
The march of women onto the factory floor, more than 6 million women took up jobs outside the home; over half of them had never before worked for wages. Many of them were mothers and the government was obliged to set up some 3,000 day-care for her children while she drilled the fuselage of a heavy bomber I joined the links of a tank track.
#13 "Rosie the Riveter" Pg 828
The draft left the nation’s farms and factories so short of personal that new workers had to be found. An agreement with Mexico in 1942 brought thousands of Mexican agricultural workers who were called this across the border to harvest the fruit and grain crops of the West. This program outlived the war by some twenty years, becoming a fixed feature of the agricultural economy in many western states.
#14 Braceros Pg 827
Roosevelt’s response to A. Phillip Randolph’s threat of a “March on Washington,” was to issue an executive order forbidding discrimination in defense industries. In addition the president established this to monitor compliance with his edict.
#15 Fair Employment Practices Commission Pg 829
New blows were now planned by the Allies. In newly occupied French Morocco, President Roosevelt, who had boldly flown the Atlantic, met in a historic conference with Winston Churchill in January 1943. The Big Two agreed to step up the Pacific war, invade Sicily , increase pressure on Italy and insist upon an “unconditional surrender” of the enemy.
#16 Casablanca Conference Pg 836
Not until the spring of 1943 did the Allies clearly have the upper hand against the U-boat. If they had not won the Battle of the Atlantic, Britain would have been forced under, and this could not have been launched from its island springboard.
#17 second front Pg 835
This was the capital of Iran (Persia). The discussions among Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill from November 28 to December 1, 1943 progressed smoothly. The most important achievement was agreement on broad plans, especially those got launching Soviet attacks on Germany from the east simultaneously with the prospective Allied assault from the west.
#18 Teheran Confrence Pg 837
French Normandy, less heavily defended than other parts of the European coast, was pinpointed for the invasion assault. This assault on June 6, 1944, involved some forty-six hundred vessels, unwound. Stiff resistance was encountered from the Germans, who had been misled by a feint into expecting the blow to fall farther north. Paris was thus liberated in August 1944.
#19 D-Day Pg 837
This was the last battle fir Germany. It lasted from December 1944 to January 1945, the Americans joined by the Soviets defeated the Germans. Adolf Hitler committed suicide on Aoril 30, 1945. The U.S. also discovered the horror of the Holocaust during this battle.
#20 Battle of the Bulge Pg 843
This conference held near Berlin in July 1945, sounded the death knell of the Japanese. There President Truman, still new on his job, met in a 17 day parley with Joseph Stalin and the British leaders. The conferees issued a stern ultimatum to Japan: surrender or be destroyed.
#21 Potsdam Conference Pg 845
The push to unlocking the secret to an atomic bomb was callled this, it oushed feverishly forward, as American know-how and industrial power were combined with the most advanced scientific knowledge.
#22 Manhattan Project Pg 845
