chapter 36 congenital heart disease

Question 1

most common single heart abnormality

Answer 1

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Question 2

acronym that will help sonographic detection of congenital heart disease:

Answer 2

CHRISTMAS

Question 3

CHRISTMAS acronym: C—

Answer 3

C–concordance and contractility

Question 4

CHRISTMAS acronym: H–

Answer 4

H—hydrops

Question 5

CHRISTMAS acronym: R—

Answer 5

R–risk factors & rhythm

Question 6

CHRISTMAS acronym: I—

Answer 6

Incorrect size(LGA or SGA)

Question 7

CHRISTMAS acronym: S–

Answer 7

S—symmetry

Question 8

CHRISTMAS acronym: T–

Answer 8

T–tetralogy of Fallot

Question 9

CHRISTMAS acronym: M

Answer 9

M–masses and mobility

Question 10

CHRISTMAS acronym: A–

Answer 10

A–aneuploidy

Question 11

CHRISTMAS acronym: S—

Answer 11

Situs

Question 12

congenital heart disease often occurs with chromosomal abnormalities, mostly:

Answer 12

trisomy 21

Question 13

cardiac abnormalities more likely to be associated with chromosomal defects:

Answer 13

hypoplastic LEFT heart

Question 14

malrformations of the ____ side of the heart are rarely associated with karyotypic abnormalities

Answer 14

right

Question 15

mother who had child with a left heart abnormality has a higher risk of delievering another child with a form of:

Answer 15

left heart disease

Question 16

most common severe congenital abnormality

Answer 16

congenital heart disease

Question 17

heart is in the right side of the chest with the apex pointing to the right:

Answer 17

dextrocardia

Question 18

heart is in the right side of the chest with the apex pointing medially or to the left

Answer 18

dextroposition

Question 19

heart is displaced further toward the left chest:

Answer 19

levoposition

Question 20

levoposition is usually associated with:

Answer 20

diaphragmatic hernia

Question 21

cardiac apex is pointing toward the middle of the chest

Answer 21

mesocardia

Question 22

normal position of the heart in the left chest

Answer 22

levocardia

Question 23

disease of the myocardial tissue in the heart

Answer 23

cardiomyopathy

Question 24

characterized by necrosis and destruction of myocardial cells and inflammatory infiltrate

Answer 24

myocarditis

Question 25

prognosis of myocarditis

Answer 25

poor

Question 26

pericardial effusion, separation of greater than ____mm

Answer 26

2mm

Question 27

pericardial effusion may be associated with

Answer 27

hydrops

Question 28

normal hypoechoic area in the perpheral part of the epicardial/pericardial interface should be ___ or less

Answer 28

2mm

Question 29

3 types of septal defects:

Answer 29

1. Atrial 2. Ventricular 3. Atrioventricular

Question 30

septal defect: creates a communication between the right a left atrium

Answer 30

atrial septal defect

Question 31

septal defect that is the most common yet most difficult to see

Answer 31

Osteum Secundum(atrial septal defect)

Question 32

3 Forms of atrial septal defect:

Answer 32

1. Osteum secundum(most common) 2. Osteum primum 3. Sinus venosus

Question 33

least common atrial septal defect:

Answer 33

sinus venosus

Question 34

atrial septations are not always recognized in utero because:

Answer 34

foramen ovale is a normal opening that may hide an abnormal septation

Question 35

most common congenital lesion of the heart

Answer 35

Ventricular Septal defect

Question 36

Atrioventricular septal defect is also known as

Answer 36

Endocardial cushion defect

Question 37

atrioventricular septal defect has an increased incidence in people with:

Answer 37

down syndrome

Question 38

atrioventricular septal defect results in a defect in the:

Answer 38

crux

Question 39

interruption of growth of the tricuspid leaflets:

Answer 39

tricuspid atresia

Question 40

abnormal displacement of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve toward the apex of right ventral(low insertion)

Answer 40

Ebstein's anomaly

Question 41

with Ebstein's anomaly, the ______ is usually massively dilated

Answer 41

right atrium

Question 42

right heart is underdeveloped due to obstruction of RVOT secondary to pulmonary stenosis:

Answer 42

Hypoplastic Right Heart

Question 43

Small hypertrophied left ventricle with aortic &/or mitral atresia

Answer 43

Hypoplastic Left Heart

Question 44

hypoplastic left heart is autosomal ______

Answer 44

recessive

Question 45

most common form of cyonotic heart disease in infants and children

Answer 45

tetralogy of fallot

Question 46

tetrallogy of fallot consists of 4 abnormalities:

Answer 46

1. Ventricular Septal Defect(VSD) 2. Over-riding aorta 3. Pulmonary stenosis 4. Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 47

Large septal defect with mild to moderate pulmonary stenosis

Answer 47

acyanotic disease

Question 48

large septal defect with severe pulmonary stenosis

Answer 48

cyanotic disease

Question 49

"Blue baby"

Answer 49

cyanotic disease--tetralogy of fallot

Question 50

if aorta overrides over 50%(tetralogy of fallot) it is called:

Answer 50

double-outlet right ventricle

Question 51

Most common form of RVOT obstruction

Answer 51

pulmonary valve stenosis

Question 52

Aorta is abnormally connected to the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is abnormally connected to the left ventricle

Answer 52

Transpotition of the Great Arteries(IGA)

Question 53

heart lesion which only 1 great artery arises from the base of the heart

Answer 53

Truncus Arteriosus

Question 54

Shelf-like lesion in the isthmus of the arch/narrowing or kink in the aorta

Answer 54

Coarctation of the Aorta

Question 55

most common cardiac tumor

Answer 55

Rhabdomyoma

Question 56

second most common cardiac tumor

Answer 56

teratoma

Question 57

cardiac tumor that is associated with tuberous sclerosis

Answer 57

rhabdomyoma

Question 58

Rhabdomyoma is best seen in the ____ view

Answer 58

4 chamber heart view

Question 59

2 atriums, 1 ventricle that receives both mitral and tricuspid valves

Answer 59

single ventricle anomaly

Question 60

abnormal development of the heart outside the chest

Answer 60

ectopia cordis

Question 61

results from an immature heart. Atrium and ventricle may both experience extrasystoles and ectopic beats

Answer 61

Premature Atrial & Ventricular Contractions

Question 62

Premature Atrial & Ventricular Contractions are also called:

Answer 62

PAC's and PVC's

Question 63

An echogenic structure in heart that is bright as bone

Answer 63

Echogenic Intracardiac Focus(EIF)

Question 64

Echogenic Intracardiac Focus(EIF) is seen in the _____ of the heart

Answer 64

left ventricle

Question 65

Echogenic Intracardiac Focus may be linked to

Answer 65

trisomy 21

Question 66

the moderator band is always in the ____ ventricle

Answer 66

right