Chapter 36.1- Muscloskeletal System

Question 1

Antagonistic muscle pairs

Answer 1

pairs of muscles that work opposite to each other

Question 2

Osteoporosis

Answer 2

Loss of protein (collagen) material from bone. Causes bone to become brittle and easily broken

Question 3

Synovial Fluid

Answer 3

Lubricates joint and is a shock absorber

Question 4

Ligament

Answer 4

Bone to Bone

Question 5

Tendon

Answer 5

Muscle to bone

Question 6

Cartilage

Answer 6

Composed of protein fibres + is flexible. Limits friction and is a shock absorber

Question 7

Axial Skeleton

Answer 7

Central section of skeleton ie. skull, backbone, ribs, sternum

Question 8

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 8

Limbs ie. Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, limbs

Question 9

Outgrowth

Answer 9

Attachment point on vertebrae for ligaments and tendons for movement of the spine

Question 10

Neural Canal

Answer 10

Gap in vertebrae allow spinal cord through + protect it

Question 11

Centrom

Answer 11

Thick solid part of a vertebra that holds the weight

Question 12

Scapulas

Answer 12

Shoulder blade

Question 13

Clavicle

Answer 13

Collarbone

Question 14

Pectoral Girdle

Answer 14

Scapula and clavicle attached to back by muscles, for movement of the arm

Question 15

Phalages

Answer 15

Toe and finger bones

Question 16

Carpals

Answer 16

8 fused bones make up wrist

Question 17

Free moving (synovial) joints

Answer 17

Joints that can move freely eg. knee

Question 18

Metacarpals

Answer 18

bones that connect fingers to carpal, palm

Question 19

Sacrum

Answer 19

5 fused bones at base of spine (between coccyx and lumbar)

Question 20

Coccyx

Answer 20

Tailbone, 4 fused bones

Question 21

Lumbar

Answer 21

lower back, 5 vertebrae

Question 22

Thoraic

Answer 22

Upper back, 12 vertebrae

Question 23

Cervical

Answer 23

Neck region of spine, 7 vertebrae

Question 24

Radius

Answer 24

Larger of forearm bones

Question 25

Ulna

Answer 25

Smaller of forearm bones

Question 26

Humerus

Answer 26

Upper arm bone

Question 27

Vertebrae

Answer 27

Bones that make up spine

Question 28

Sternum

Answer 28

Breastbone

Question 29

Femur

Answer 29

Thighbone

Question 30

Tibia

Answer 30

Major shin bone

Question 31

Fibula

Answer 31

Minor shin bone

Question 32

Functions of skeleton

Answer 32

- movement - support - protection - blood cell movement - storage of minerals

Question 33

skull

Answer 33

20 fused bones

Question 34

True ribs

Answer 34

7 pairs attached to sternum

Question 35

False ribs

Answer 35

3 pairs attached by cartilage

Question 36

Floating ribs

Answer 36

2 pairs not attached at all

Question 37

Digits

Answer 37

Fingers or toes, made out of phalanges

Question 38

Pelvis

Answer 38

Two halves of hip bones fused to the base of the spine (sacrum)

Question 39

Patella

Answer 39

Kneecap

Question 40

Tarsals

Answer 40

Ankle, 7 bones

Question 41

Metatarsals

Answer 41

5 bones make up sole

Question 42

Three types of joints

Answer 42

Immovable Partially moveable Free moving

Question 43

Immovable joints

Answer 43

bones fused together by collagen

Question 44

Partially movable joints

Answer 44

Bones glide over each other eg. spine/ wrist

Question 45

Free moving (synovial) joints

Answer 45

Ball and socket, Hinge

Question 46

Cartilage

Answer 46

Made of protein fibres. Flexible and shock absorber

Question 47

Arthritis

Answer 47

inflammation of the joint (100+ types)

Question 48

Osteoarthritis

Answer 48

Most common, cartilage in synovial joints wears down

Question 49

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 49

Autoimmune disease, body attacks synovial membranes, common in females

Question 50

Prevention of arthritis

Answer 50

Reducing damage to joints eg. proper footwear, swimming>running

Question 51

Treatment

Answer 51

- rest - exercise - weight loss - anti-inflammatory medication - possibly surgery

Question 52

Flexor

Answer 52

muscle that closes a joint

Question 53

Extensor

Answer 53

muscle that opens the joint

Question 54

Skeletal muscle

Answer 54

voluntary muscle, movement

Question 55

Smooth muscle

Answer 55

internal structures, involuntary

Question 56

Cardiac muscle

Answer 56

does not tire, in heart