chapter 38 part 1

Question 1

what is the length of the GI tract

Answer 1

7 to 7.9 meter / 23-26 feet

Question 2

it is located in the MEDIASTINUM, anterior to the spine and posterior to the trachea and heart

Answer 2

esophagus

Question 3

size of esophagus

Answer 3

25 cm

Question 4

the diaphragm at an opening

Answer 4

diaphragmatic hiatus

Question 5

can be ‘found at the left upper portion of the abdomen’ under the left lobe of the liver and the diaphragm, overlaying most of the pancreas

Answer 5

stomach

Question 6

what is the capacity of the stomach

Answer 6

1500 ml

Question 7

stores food during eating, secretes digestive fluids, and propels the partially digested food, or chyme, into the small intestine

Answer 7

stomach

Question 8

stomach has four anatomic regions:

Answer 8

cardia
fundus
body
pylorus

Question 9

what is the entrance of the stomach

Answer 9

cardia

Question 10

what is the exit of the stomach

Answer 10

pylorus

Question 11

longest segment of the GI tract

Answer 11

small intestine

Question 12

what is the length of small intestine

Answer 12

70m

Question 13

the process by which ‘nutrients enter the bloodstream’ through the intestinal walls

Answer 13

absorption

Question 14

three sections of small intestine:

Answer 14

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 15

most proximal section of small intestine:

Answer 15

duodenum

Question 16

middle section of small intestine:

Answer 16

jejunum

Question 17

distal section of small intestine:

Answer 17

ileum

Question 18

controls the flow of digested material from the ileum into the cecal portion of the large intestine and prevents reflux of bacteria into the small intestine

Answer 18

valve/sphincter

Question 19

consists of an ascending segment on the right side of the abdomen

Answer 19

large intestine

Question 20

terminal portions of the large intestine:

Answer 20

sigmoid colon
rectum
anus

Question 21

blood flow to the GI tract is about ____ of the total cardiac output and increases significantly after eating

Answer 21

20%

Question 22

what nerve stimulation causes peristalsis and increases secretory activities

Answer 22

parasympathetic nerve stimulation

Question 23

give functions of the digestive system:

Answer 23

breakdown for digestion
absorption
elimination

Question 24

the process of digestion BEGINS with this act

Answer 24

chewing

Question 25

the process that the 'food is broken down into small particles' that can be swallowed and mixed with digestive enzymes

Answer 25

chewing

Question 26

an enzyme that begins the digestion of STARCHES

Answer 26

ptalyn/salivary amylase

Question 27

help LUBRICATE the food as it is chewed, thereby facilitating swallowing

Answer 27

water and mucus

Question 28

Swallowing begins as a voluntary act that is regulated by the ________ of the central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 28

medulla oblongata

Question 29

closes tightly to prevent reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus

Answer 29

lower esophageal sphincter