Chapter 39 - Asthma And Other Pulmonary Disorders Med Cards

Question 1

Albuterol - Bronchodilator, Sympathomimetic

Answer 1

Action - Selectively bind to Beta 2 - adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation.

Use - Termination of acute bronchospasm; it also facilitates mucus drainage and can inhibit the release of inflammatory chemicals from mast cells, and can prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm

Contraindications - Allergy to sympathomimetrics

Adverse Effects - Severe adverse effects are uncommon. Some patients experience palpitations, tremor, headaches, throat irritation, nervousness, restlessness, and tachycardia. Less common adverse effects include chest pain, paradoxical bronchospasm, and allergic reactions

Patient teaching - Avoid smoking

• limit caffeine products such as chocolate, coffee, tea, colas
• paradoxical bronchospasm may occur; stop immediately and call prescriber
• • also work on B1 (heart) receptors
• • Insomnia
• • Hypo/Hypertension

Question 2

Ipratropium - Anticholinergic, Bronchodilator

Answer 2

Action - Cause bronchodilation by blocking cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle

Use - Relieve acute bronchospasm within minutes after administration, although peak effects may take up to 1 to 2 hours. Effects may continue for up to 6 hours

Contraindications - allergy to this product or atropine, bromide, soybean or peanut products

Adverse Effects - Irritation of the upper respiratory tract may result in cough, drying of the nasal mucosa, or hoarseness. It produces a bitter taste, which may be relieved by rinsing the mouth after use. Intranasal administration may cause epistaxis and excessive drying of the nasal mucosa

Patient teaching - shake before using

• therapeutic effects may take 2-3 months
• proper use
• anticholinergics
• urinary rentention

Question 3

Beclomethasone - Corticosteroid

Answer 3

Action - Reduction inflammation

Use - Decrease the frequency of asthma attacks

Contraindications - Status asthmatics, allergy to this product

Adverse Effects - Hoarseness, dry mouth, and changes in taste; the development of cataracts, growth inhibition; and oropharyngeal candidiasis

Patient teaching - It is not a bronchodilator and should not be used to terminate asthma attacks in progress

• rinse mouth after use to avoid oral fungal infections
• taper, do not stop abruptly

Question 4

Zafirlukast/Montelukast - Leukotriene Modifiers, Bronchodilator

Answer 4

Action - Prevent airway edema and inflammation by blocking leukotriene receptors in the airways

Use - Prophylaxis of persistent, chronic asthma

Contraindications - ???

Adverse Effects - Headache is the most common complaint (#1 side effect); others are nausea, vomiting and diarrhea

Patient teaching - it is not suited for the termination of acute bronchospasm
- avoid taking with food, try taking with glass of water to avoid GI upset

• • rare side effects are neurotoxicity, suicidal ideation, hallucinations, aggressiveness, and depression
• • maintenance use only