Chapter 4 Flashcards
(52 cards)
Anorexia
lack or loss of appetite for food (as a medical condition)
Antipruritic
used to relieve itching
Antipyretic
used to prevent or reduce fever
Arthralgia
joint stiffness
Bacteremia
the presence of viable bacteria in the circulating blood
Enanthems
is a rash (small spots) on the mucous membranes
Exanthems
is a rash or eruption on the skin
Leukopenia
a decrease in disease-fighting cells (leukocytes) in your blood
Myalgia
muscle aches and pain
Nosocomial
(of a disease) originating in a hospital
Orchitis
an inflammation of one or both testicles
Rhinitis
when a reaction occurs that causes nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itching
Scotomata
a partial loss of vision or blind spot in an otherwise normal visual field
Sepsis
the body’s extreme response to an infection
Spirochete
a flexible spirally twisted bacterium, especially one that causes syphilis
Compare and contrast infectious and communicable diseases
Infectious is an infection and not all infections are communicable
communicable are infectious
Recall at least five reasons for the surge in new infectious and communicable diseases.
Microbial adaptation and change
Human susceptibility to infection
Climate and weather
Changing ecosystems
Human demographics and behavior
Identify and define emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.
when the incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future
Explain the health crisis from antimicrobial resistance
occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and death
Identify the peculiar nature of the H1N1 virus
It has DNA typical to avian, swine, and human viruses
Discuss the route of food-borne infection caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7
consumption of contaminated foods, such as raw or undercooked ground meat products, raw milk, and contaminated raw vegetables and sprouts
Summarize the prognosis of E. coli O157:H7.
Most healthy adults recover from E. coli illness within a week
Identify the etiology and three stages of Lyme disease.
Stage 1 signs include a rash called erythema chronicum migrans (ECM), which appears at the site of the bite and may resemble a bull’s eye.
Stage 2 symptoms affect the central nervous system, causing such diverse problems as meningitis, nerve damage, and facial palsy.
Stage 3 symptoms include chronic arthritis and continuing neurological problems
Discuss the infectious characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
SARS is caused by a virus known as SARS-associated coronavirus (ICD-10: B97.21). Studies showed the virus survived for at least 24 hours on a plastic surface at room temperature and that the microbe remained viable for as long as 4 days in human waste