Chapter 4 Flashcards by Maddie Foster

Origin

End of the muscle attached to the least movable structure
-muscles generally move towards the origin when contracted

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Insertion

End of the muscle attached to the more movable structure

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Action

The movement that is accomplished

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Cervical muscles

-superficially located
-Hold and stabilize the head
- Keep head positioned
- SCM & Trapezius

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Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: Sternum & clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid Process

Action: contract 1, moves to 1 side, contract both moves up and down.

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Trapezius

Origin: Occipital & Posterior midline of the cervical region

Insertion: Sternum & Clavicle

Action: Shrugs shoulder

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Muscles of facial expressions are grouped by

Scalpal, orbital, and oral

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Epicranial muscle

2 bellies

*FRONTAL
-Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis
-Insertion: Skin of eyebrows
-Action: Raises eyebrows

*OCCIPITAL
- Origin: Occipital bone
-Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis
-Action: Helps with head tilting backward

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Orbicularis Oculi

Origin: Orbital rim @ nasal process &frontal rim of maxilla

Insertion: Skin of lateral canthus

Action: Closes eyes, squints

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Corrugator Supercilii

Origin: Frontal bone of the supraorbital region

Insertion: Skin of the eyebrows

Action: squinting with eyebrows, brings the skin of the eyebrows towards the nose

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Orbicularis fris

-kissing muscle
- more wrinkled on smokers
Origin: Commissures of mouth

Insertion: Skin of the lips

Action: Closes lips, tightens, thins, roll inwards and outward

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Buccinator

-Trumpet muscle
Origin: Alveolar
process of maxilla, contes the pterygomandibular

Insertion: Commissures of mouth

Action: Keeps food in your mouth as you chew

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Risorius

Origin: Connective tissue of the skin

Insertion: Skin @ commissures

Action: Pulls corners of the mouth back

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Levator Labii Superioris

Origin: Infraorbital rim of maxilla

Insertion: Skin towards corners of the mouth, more upper lip

Action: Elevates the upper lip

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Levator Labii Superioris alaeque nasi

-Elvis
Origin: Frontal process of maxilla

Insertion: Skin of upper lip & Ala of nose

Action: Lifter of upper lip & flares the ala

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Zygomaticus major

Origin: Zygomatic bone

Insertion: Upper lips towards the corner of the mouth

Action: Lifts the upper lip (helps smile)

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Zygomaticus Minor

Origin: Zygomatic bone

Insertion: Upper lip (a little higher the major)

Action:Elevates the upper lips (helps with smile

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Levator anguli oris

Origin: Canine fossa

Insertion: upper lip, near corners of the mouth

Action: Pulls up the angle of the mouth

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Depressor angle oris

Origin: Inferior border of the mandible

Insertion: Corners of the mouth

Action: Depresses the angle of the mouth

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Depressor labii inferioris

Origin: Inferior border of the mandible

Insertion: Skin of the lower lip

Action: depresses the lower lip, exposes the mandibular incisors

Mentalis

Origin: Midline of the mandible

Insertion: skin of the chin

Action: lifts the chin, protrudes lower lip

Platysma

Origin: skin superficial to the clavicle

Insertion: Inferior border of the mandible

Action: Moves the skin of the neck

Muscles of mastication

all attached to the mandible
work with the TMJ to accomplish jaw movement

Masseter

Largest and strongest muscle on the face
**SUPERFICIAL & Deep

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: Mandible (superficial- angle, Deep- more towards ramus)

Action: Elevates the mandible

Temporalis

Origin: Temporal fossa Insertion: Coronoid process Action: elevates the mandible

Medial Pterygoid

- vertical -deep and superficial Origin: - Superficial: maxillary tuberosity - Deep: Lateral plate of pterygoid process Insertion: Angle of the mandible Action: Elevates the mandible

Lateral Pterygoid

- horizontal - Superior and inferior Origin: -Superior: Sphenoid bone -Inferior: Pterygoid process Insertion: condyle of mandible Action: Both- depresses the mandible Only 1- shifts the jaw

Digastric

Divided Into two bellies Anterior (horizontal) -Origin: Hyoid bone -Insertion: Mandible -Action: Elevates the hyoid bone & brings the mandible down Posterior (vertical) Origin: Temporalis Insertion: Hyoid bone Action: Lifts the mandible

Functions of hyoid muscles

Assist in mastication, and swallowing, mainly through their attachment to the hyoid bone

Mylohyoid

Floor of the mouth Origin: Inside the mandible Insertion: Hyoid bone Action: Elevates the tongue, plays a role in swallowing

Geniohyoid

Origin: Mandible Insertion: Hyoid Action: Elevates the hyoid

Stylohyoid

Origin: Styloid process Insertion: Hyoid Action: Elevates the hyoid and retracts it back

Omohyoid

Divided into superior and inferior bellies Superior -Origin: Inferior belly -Insertion: Hyoid bone -Action: depresses the hyoid bone Inferior -Origin: Scapula -Insertion: Superior belly -Action: depresses the hyoid

Sternohyoid

-Origin: Sternum -Insertion: Hyoid -Action: Depresses the hyoid

Sternothyroid

Doesn't connect to hyoid, but still considered a hyoid muscle -Origin: Sternum -Insertion: Thyroid cartilage -Action: Depresses the thyroid cartilage and larynx

Thyrohyoid

-Origin: Thyroid cartilage -Insertion: hyoid -Action: Depresses the hyoid, raises the thyroid

Intrinsic tongue muscles

Make the tongue short and thick: 1. Superior longitudinal 2. Inferior Longitudinal Make long and narrow: 3. Transverse 4. Vertical

Extrinsic tongue muscles

Styloglossus Genioglossus Hyoglossus

Styloglossus

-Origin: Styloid -Insertion: Tongue -Action: Retracts the tongue

Genioglossus

-Origin: Genial tubercles -Insertion: Tongue -Action: Sticks tongue out

Hyoglossus

-Origin: Hyoid -Insertion: Tongue -Action: Depresses then tongue, pulls towards hyoid

Pharynx muscles function

involved in speaking, swallowing, and middle ear function *specifically ignition of swallowing process

Stylopharyngeus

-Origin: Styloid process -Insertion: Walls of pharynx -Action: Elevated and widens the pharynx

Pharyngeal constricter

- superior, inferior, middle - forms the side and back walls of pharynx - raise the pharynx and larynx

Palatoglossus

Elevates the base of the tongue

Palatopharyngeus

moves the palate back and down, brings the pharyngeal wall forward to help swallow

Levator Veli Palatini

Lifts the palatal muscle

Tensor Veli palatini

tension to palatal muscle

Muscle of the uvula

Shortens and broadens the uvula, therefore changes the shape of the soft palate