chapter 4 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Most diffusion of innovation studies are primarily focused on which part of the innovation decision process
development
Ralph Naders book “unsafe at any speed” primarily contributed to which stage of the automobile safety innovation process
recognizing a problem or need
in some fields, a lead user develops a new product to solve an internal problem and then
convince the manufacturer to sell and produce the prototype
technology transfer typically occurs at which stage of the innovation development process
development
innovation gatekeeper
a person who controls whether or not an innovation is diffused to an audience of potential adopters
clinical trials aim to
evaluate the effects of an innovation under real life conditions as a basis of making a decision on whether to diffuse the innovation
which of the following best illustrated the link between socioeconomic status and innovation development
making a hybrid sedan for middle class or a high ed model for high class people
a tracer study
project hindsight, investigated the process leading to military weapons. Concluded that the search that was funded protected the outcome of what was innovated, found that applied research counts more than the basic research
weakness of tracer studies
- depend almost entirely on the availability of research publications about the technology, in order to reconstruct a partial view of the r and d phases of the innovation
- generally describe the research and development phases of the innovation process but do not tell much about the diffusion adoption phase and nothing about the consequences
- imply that the research and development phases are relatively rational and planned. They dont report the serendipitous parts
the perspective that technologies shape society
social constructivism
gladwell highlights the case of xerox PARC as it is related and compared to steve jobs and apple. What is the main point of this story
failure of technology transfer
what difference existed between xeros parcs computer innovation and apple computer innovation
they commercialized it different. Apply focused on simplicity and how to spark interest in buyers and make it useful to everyone, they rebranded it
what product was created, developed, and continuously improved by the french research lab
concrete
a researchers inventing a more water conserving fountain is engaged in
seeing a problem/need and trying to fix it
penecilin was
serendipity
a large organization trying to overcome its own bureaucracy in order to develop a radical new innovation
Skunkworks: the smaller units in an organization created to pioneer technological development, helps people in a large company expect routine behaviors in the development process
the Japanese takeover of VCR production and sales is a good example of
technology trasnfer
which stage of the innovation development process led to xerox/s biggest financial failure
commercialization
xerox PARC simultaneous development of the mouse and pull down menus is an example of
technology cluster
gatekeeping
is controlling the flow of messages through a communication channel
the belief that major innovations occur only in the present time is called
chronocentrism
