Final

Question 1

An individual choosing to post useful information on the corporations official blog after the organization has implemented it is an example of what type of an innovation decision

Answer 1

Contingent innovation- decision; these are choices to adopt or reject that can be made only after prior innovation decision

Question 2

a city voting to ban smoking in public places is what kind of organizational innovation decision

Answer 2

collective innovation decision

Question 3

extreme enforcement of rules, impersonal authority, and inefficient bureaucracy are manifestations of

Answer 3

authority innovation decisions, these are rules and regulations

Question 4

organizational size is a general measure that also reflects which organizational dimension(s)

Answer 4

size (this is positively related to innovativeness )

Question 5

which of the following characteristics of an organization encourage implementation of an innovation

Answer 5

centralization and formalization
g10-2 Each of the organizational structure variables may be related to the innovation during the initiation phases of the innovation process and in the opposite direction during the implementation phase

Question 6

which of these phases in the organizational innovation process are considered as belonging to “implementation activities”

Answer 6

(involves putting the innovation into use)
redefining/restructuring
clarifying
routinizing

Question 7

all of the information gathering, conceptualizing, and planning for the adoption of an innovation, leading up to an organizations decision to adopt are referred to as

Answer 7

initiation; consists of agenda setting and matching

Question 8

the discrepancy between an organizations expectations and its actual performance, which may trigger the innovation process, is called

Answer 8

the performance gap; the performance gap can trigger the innovation-decision process

Question 9

defining a general organization problem that creates a perceived need for an innovation is which stage of the organization innovation process

Answer 9

agenda setting #1

Question 10

fitting a problem from the organizations agenda with an innovation is referred to as

Answer 10

matching

Question 11

mutual adaptation of the organization and the innovation is most likely to occur during this stage

Answer 11

redefining/restructuring (implementation stage)

Question 12

which is true of a radical innovation

Answer 12

radical innovation is known to e disruptive and there is high uncertainty. The more radical an innovation, the more uncertainty it created and the more difficult its implementation.

Question 13

sustainability is a concept closely related to what stage in the innovation-decision process

Answer 13

routinization

Question 14

which of these is not associated with greater organizational innovation sustainability

Answer 14

things related to sustainability
1. degree of reinvention
2. the fit between the intervention and the organization
3. the involvement of a local champion
Not: authority innovation decisions!!

Question 15

in lees’ article which of these is not a reason for China’s strength in implementing AI

Answer 15

Reasons FOR implementing AI
- abundant data
-hyper-competitive business

Question 16

Which of the following people are most likely to ignore consequences and have pro-innovation bias

Answer 16

change agents; they dont pay much attention to the consequences of an innovation. They assume an innovation is needed by theur clients and that its intriduction will be desirable and that the adoption of the innovation represents success

Question 17

the tendency for change agents to presume mostly beneficial consequences for adopters is an example of

Answer 17

pro-innovation bias

Question 18

which of these statements is true about studying consequences

Answer 18

1. change agents tacitly assume that the consequences of innovation decisions will be positive
2. the usual survey research method is less appropriate for the investigation of an innovation consequence than for studying innovativeness
3. consequences are difficult to measure
4. consequences occur over time
5. cultural relativism consequences are cofounded with other effect

Question 19

which combination of consequence forms is possible

Answer 19

1. desirable vs undesirable
2. direct vs indirect
3. anticipated vs unanticipated

Question 20

windfall profits are special advantage positive consequences for

Answer 20

certain members of a system at the expense of others, the first adopters of a new idea in a system; early adopters

Question 21

early farmer adopters of hybrid seed corn benefited from higher initial market price corn and larger corn acreage than laggards is an example of

Answer 21

windfall profits

Question 22

which of these innovations lead to undesirable indirect and unanticipated consequences

Answer 22

snowmobile

Question 23

the directly observable physical appearance and substance of an innovation is its

Answer 23

form

Question 24

the rapid way in which society has personalized and accessorized the technological innovation of cell phones is a good example of

Answer 24

dynamic equilibrium

Question 25

according to the book and lecture, DDR created which kind of consequence

Answer 25

unanticipated consequence

Question 26

the communication effects gap refers to when the diffusion of an innovation widens the gap in

Answer 26

- earlier and later adopters - socioeconomic gap between high and low

Question 27

which of these is a reason why diffusion of an innovation generally causes wider socioeconomic gaps

Answer 27

rich people could adopt first while poor people can't and even when everyone adopts, the rich are still above

Question 28

which condition best represents the innovation consequence of increased social equality

Answer 28

when a systems structure is already equal, then the innovation will lead to increased social equality and when a system is unequal then the innovation will lead to less social equality

Question 29

which of these is the best example of the communication effects gap

Answer 29

the one with the most inequality

Question 30

consequences of the diffusion of innovations usually

Answer 30

widens the socioeconomic gap

Question 31

the case of the Finnish lapp culture replacing reindeer with snowmobiles best illustrates

Answer 31

the unexpected negative consequences in an individualistic society and consequences that spread that were impossible to prevent with the innovation

Question 32

the internet

Answer 32

led to the digital divide; it is a gap that exists between people advantaged by the internet and people who are disadvantaged by the internet

Question 33

Edward tenner in his book why things bite back refers to revenge effects which include

Answer 33

technology and the revenge of unintended consequences; ex, DDT, recycling in India, bottled water

Question 34

the pro-innovation bias includes which of these assumptions

Answer 34

- be diffused and adopted by all members of society - diffused more rapidly - be neither reinvented or rejected

Question 35

the case of pure drinking water in Egyptian villages showed that

Answer 35

the complex nature of peoples perceptions of an innovation and how they are important. It takes into account peoples perceptions of on innovation rather than technologies and it is essential in overcoming the pro innovation bias

Question 36

pro-innovation bias most likely results from

Answer 36

1. much diffusion research is funded by change agents 2. successful diffusion leaves a rate of adoption that can be retrospectively investigated by diffusion researchers while an unsuccessful effort does not leave visible traces that can easily be reconstructed

Question 37

a common method of diffusion research is asking respondents to look back on their decisions after the innovation has already been adopted. This method could cause

Answer 37

recall problems

Question 38

collecting data at which of these time points would be most appropriate for overcoming respondents recall problems

Answer 38

gather it at multiple points or point of adoption where respondents are asked to provide details about their adoption of an innovation at the time they adopt

Question 39

what are some of the consequences of diffusion of ultrasound testing equipment in china and india

Answer 39

- lopsided sex ratios

Question 40

the individual blame bias refers to

Answer 40

the tendency to hold an individual responsible for his/her problems rather than the system of which the individual is a part

Question 41

using opinion leaders to introduce an innovation in one social system, while not using them to introduce the innovation in a complete social system would be appropriate for what kind of research study design

Answer 41

field experiment

Question 42

what would be the best methodology for determining causality in a diffusion study

Answer 42

field experiment

Question 43

using computer or internet data to capture the time and extent of adoption of an innovation would be a good way to minimize

Answer 43

seriousness of the respondent recall problem

Question 44

Lohr's article on the diffusion of news stories on social media reported that:

Answer 44

false news diffuses a lot faster than true news on twitter

Question 45

in rices article, phenomenon involving, or relationships between, at least two media

Answer 45

intermediality

Question 46

in rice's article, online recommendation systems are an example of the relationship between which media role and which diffusion component

Answer 46

media as process and sources