Chapter 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Which surface attaches to the underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues? Lateral Apical Glandular Basolateral
A
Basolateral
2
Q
Which instrument is essential to the study of histology? endoscope laser force gauge microscope
A
microscope
3
Q
The tissue that always has an apical surface is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. muscle tissue connective tissue nervous tissue epithelial tissue
A
epithelial tissue
4
Q
Which of these is not one of the four recognized tissue types? connective tissue neural tissue nasal tissue muscle tissue
A
nasal tissue
5
Q
The study of tissues is called ________.
A
histology
6
Q
The tissue that always has a "top" and a "bottom" is connective tissue. basal tissue. muscle tissue. epithelial tissue. apical tissue.
A
epithelial tissue.
7
Q
Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except attachment. avascularity. polarity. extracellular matrix. regeneration.
A
extracellular matrix.
8
Q
Functions of epithelia include all of the following, except absorption. supporting muscle cells. producing specialized secretions. providing physical protection. controlling permeability.
A
supporting muscle cells.
9
Q
Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption or secretion usually have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ at their free surface. cilia microvilli mitochondria junctional complexes Golgi complexes
A
microvilli
10
Q
A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is termed a(n) gap junction. desmosome. intermediate junction. occluding junction. All of the answers are correct.
A
occluding junction.
11
Q
Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycan reinforced by intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called desmosomes. intermediate junctions. junctional complexes. gap junctions. tight junctions.
A
desmosomes.
12
Q
Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by interfacial canals. proteoglycan. keratin. a reticular lamina. a basal lamina.
A
a basal lamina.
13
Q
Germinative cells
1. divide continually to produce new epithelial cells. 2. start in the superficial layers of epithelial tissue. 3. cannot function in the repair of epithelial tissue. 4. cannot divide. 5. make up most of the epithelial type of tissue.
A
- divide continually to produce new epithelial cells.
14
Q
Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and interlocking membranes. The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is most likely \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tissue. connective muscle neural adipose epithelial
A
epithelial
15
Q
Which type of secretion involves the loss of apical cytoplasm? Autocrine Merocrine Apocrine Holocrine
A
Apocrine
16
Q
Which type of compound gland is found in salivary glands? Alveolar Simple branched Compound tubuloalveolar Tubular
A
Compound tubuloalveolar
17
Q
The most common cell type in dense regular connective tissue is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. macrophage mast cell adipocyte fibroblast
A
fibroblast
18
Q
Cells that are flat and thin are classified as columnar. squamous. transitional. cuboidal. blasts.
A
squamous
19
Q
Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are endocrine glands. holocrine glands. merocrine glands. sudoriferous glands. apocrine glands.
A
holocrine glands.
20
Q
Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are interstitial glands. endocrine glands. holocrine glands. exocrine glands. merocrine glands.
A
endocrine glands.
21
Q
Secretions through a duct might provide \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, whereas ductless secretions act as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. transport media; physical protectors superficial relief; interstitial fluid odors; alarms enzymes; hormones lubrication; lubricators
A
enzymes; hormones
22
Q
Watery perspiration is an example of a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ secretion. holocrine mucous serous merocrine apocrine
A
merocrine
23
Q
Unicellular exocrine glands secrete mucus. insulin. sebum. milk. sweat.
A
mucus.
24
Q
Gland cells produce ________.
A
secretions
25
```
Which cell is present in many connective tissues that can differentiate into different types of cells?
Adipocytes
Mesenchymal
Fibroblasts
Melanocytes
```
Mesenchymal
26
```
Which white blood cell is important in removing foreign bacteria?
Eosinophil
Basophil
Erythrocyte
Monocyte
```
Monocyte
27
```
Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue?
adipocyte
chondroblast
squamous cell
chondrocyte
fibroblast
```
fibroblast
28
```
Blood is which type of tissue?
Blood is which type of tissue?
muscle
mesenchyme
nerve
epithelial
connective
```
connective
29
```
The sticky material between cells of areolar connective tissue is called the
gel matrix.
ground substance.
cytosol.
crista.
cytoplasm.
```
ground substance.
30
```
The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is
connectin.
collagen.
actin.
elastin.
myosin.
```
collagen.
31
The three categories of connective tissues are
1. areolar, adipose, and dense tissues.
2. connective tissue proper, cartilages, and bone.
3. epithelial, muscle, and neural tissues.
4. glandular, exocrine, and endocrine.
5. connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.
5. connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.
32
```
Two classes of macrophages include
mesenchymal cells and melanocytes.
neutrophils and eosinophils.
mast cells and basophils.
microphages and adipocytes.
fixed macrophages and free macrophages.
```
fixed macrophages and free macrophages.
33
```
Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are
tendons.
areolar tissue.
dense irregular connective tissues.
ligaments.
reticular tissues.
```
dense irregular connective tissues.
34
```
Wharton's jelly is a form of
Marfan's syndrome.
mucous connective tissue.
collagen fibers.
ground substance.
embryonic epithelium.
```
mucous connective tissue.
35
The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are
polar, cellular, and permeable.
loose, dense, and irregular.
collagen, reticular, and elastic.
tendons, ligaments, and elastic ligaments.
cartilage, bone, and collagen.
collagen, reticular, and elastic.
36
```
Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are
melanocytes.
adipocytes.
mast cells.
macrophages.
fibroblasts.
```
macrophages.
37
```
Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are
plasmocytes.
fibroblasts.
mesenchymal stem cells.
mast cells.
lymphocytes.
```
mesenchymal stem cells.
38
In areolar connective tissue, ________ cells release histamine.
mast
39
```
The tissue that covers cartilage is the __________.
periosteum
perichondrium
perimaceum
perimysium
```
perichondrium
40
```
Bone is also called __________.
cartilage
adipose tissue
osteocyte
osseous tissue
```
osseous tissue
41
```
The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage.
elastic
hyaline
fibrous
osseous
ligamentous
```
hyaline
42
```
A tissue with a gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is
areolar connective tissue.
bone.
dense regular connective tissue.
cartilage.
epithelium.
```
cartilage.
43
```
Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous
perichondrium.
periosteum.
matrix.
lacunae.
canaliculi.
```
perichondrium.
44
```
Unlike cartilage, bone
is highly vascular.
has a matrix that contains collagen.
is a connective tissue.
has cells within lacunae.
has an outer covering.
```
is highly vascular.
45
Antiangiogenesis factor is a chemical produced by ________ that blocks the growth of blood vessels.
chondrocytes
46
A herniated disc is an injury of the pads of cartilage between the vertebrae in which the cartilage bulges from normal position. What type of cartilage is affected?
fibrous
47
```
The serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity is the __________.
periosteum
peritoneum
pleura
pericardium
```
pleura
48
```
Which of the following membrane types lines joint capsules?
serous
mucous
synovial
cutaneous
```
synovial
49
```
The framework of connective tissue between the skin and underlying muscles is called the
deep fascia.
epidermis.
superficial fascia.
dermis.
subserous fascia.
```
superficial fascia.
50
```
__________ muscle tissue lack(s) microscopic striations.
Smooth
Cardiac and smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac
```
Smooth
51
```
Myosatellite cells are found within __________ muscle.
skeletal and smooth
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
```
skeletal
52
```
Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of
skeletal muscle tissue.
smooth muscle tissue.
all types of muscle tissue.
cardiac muscle tissue.
nerve tissue.
```
cardiac muscle tissue.
53
```
Which structure receives information, typically, from other neurons?
Microfibrils
Axon
Dendrite
Telodendria
```
Dendrite
54
```
Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue.
connective
epithelial
osseous
neural
areolar
```
neural
55
All of the following are true of neurons, except that
they are separated from one another by synapses.
they are composed of a soma and axon.
when mature, they lose the ability to divide.
they conduct a nervous impulse.
they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.
they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.
56
________ support, protect, and nourish nerve cells.
neuroglia
57
```
Mast cells, in the process of stimulating an inflammatory response, secrete all EXCEPT which of the following?
Prostaglandins
Histamine
Interleukin-1
Heparin
```
Interleukin-1
58
```
Which of these assists in tissue repair by dividing?
mast cells
mesenchymal stem cells
plasmocytes
fibrocytes
```
mesenchymal stem cells
59
```
Secretions from __________ control the process of inflammation.
mast cells
mesenchymal stem cells
fibrocytes
plasmocytes
```
mast cells
60
```
The body's first response to injury is __________.
sweating
bleeding
inflammation
pain
```
inflammation
61
Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron?
axon
soma
dendrites
soma
62
The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium?
simple squamous epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
transitional epithelium
simple squamous epithelium
63
The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium?
simple cuboidal epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
64
The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue?
simple columnar epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
65
Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei?
cardiac
skeletal
smooth
skeletal
66
Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control?
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
cardiac
