Chapter 4 Flashcards
(17 cards)
The Nature and Measurement of Intelligence
● Intelligence test scores most closely related to school success, not job success, marital happiness, or life happiness
● IQ scores can change with experience, training
● Intelligence involves more than what intelligence tests measure
● Triarchic view: part of intelligence is ability to achieve personal goals
● Multiple intelligences theory: intelligence composed of eight distinct forms of intelligence
● Individuals with a high level of a particular intelligence may use it in different ways
● Factors other than high levels of a particular intelligence influence interests, college major, career choice
Learning Styles
● Learning styles are preferences for dealing with intellectual tasks in a particular way
● Impulsive students prefer quick action; reflective students prefer to collect and analyze information before acting
● Field-independent students prefer their own structure; field-dependent students prefer to work within existing structure
● Legislative style prefers to create and plan; executive style prefers to follow explicit rules; judicial style prefers to evaluate and judge
● Teachers should use various instructional methods to engage all styles of learning at one time or another
● Teachers should use various test formats to expand students’ repertoire of learning styles and measure accurately what students have learned
Gender Differences and Gender Bias
● Evidence that boys score higher on tests of visual-spatial ability and math reasoning and that girls score higher on tests of memory and language skills is being called into question
● Gender bias: responding differently to male and female students without having sound educational reasons for doing so
● Gender bias can affect course selection, career choice, and class participation of male and female students
● Academic success, encouragement, models influence women to choose careers in science, math
● Loss of voice: students suppress true beliefs about various topics in the presence of parents, teachers, and classmates of opposite sex
● Females and males have equal access to computers, but differences in anxiety still exist
Robert sternbergs triarchic view: the theory of successful intelligent
- Practical ability Involves applying knowledge to everyday situations, using knowledge and tools, and seeking relevance
- Creative ability involves inventing, discovering, imagining, and supposing
- analytical ability involves breaking ideas and products into their component parts, making judgments, evaluating, comparing and contrasting, and critiquing.
Practical ability
Adapting to one’s environment
Shaping one’s environment
Selecting a different environment
Creative ability
Solving Novel and unfamiliar problems
Analytical ability
Using prior knowledge and cognitive skills to solve problems and learn new information
If you become aware that some of your students are reflective thinkers, which of the following procedures would be the best one to follow?
Encourage them to respond after brief thought, with opportunity for changing their minds later.
According to Carol Gilligan, “loss of voice” refers to situations in which
females either do not talk or only say what they think others want them to say
Research on gender differences in cognition and achievement shows that:
boys earn higher scores on tests of mathematical reasoning and visual-spatial skills while girls earn higher scores on tests of memory and language.
In general, intelligence tests are best at predicting:
school success
A limitation of intelligence tests is that they:
ARE SUBJECT TO ALL OF THESE LIMITATIONS:
a. only measure a relatively small sample of intellectual capabilities.
b. are not absolute measures of an unchangeable ability.
c. cannot measure intelligence directly.
d.
Gender differences in achievement and cognition appear to be due to:
both biological and social factors
a. biological factors (for example, brain structure).
b. social factors (for example, socialization).
If you become aware that some of your students are reflective thinkers, which of the following procedures would be the best one to follow?
Encourage them to respond after brief thought, with opportunity for changing their minds later.
In what way is Robert Sternberg’s theory of intelligence a break from traditional theories?
It includes practical ability as an aspect of intelligence
A person who has a reputation for getting along well with others and who is good at solving people problems is most likely to have which of the following learning styles?
Field-dependent
David Wechsler’s view on intelligence is different from the traditional view in what important respect?
He believes that intelligence is the ability of individuals to use a variety of capabilities to adapt to their enviro
