Chapter 4 Flashcards
(63 cards)
Why is early childhood an important period in lifespan development?
Early childhood represents a time period of continued rapid growth, especially in the areas of language and cognitive development
What is the overall physical growth rate during early childhood?
Grow about 3 inches in height and gain 4-5 lbs each year
True or False: unlike in infancy, growth occurs in spurts rather than continually during early childhood
False: just as in infancy, growth occurs in spurts rather than continually during early childhood
True or False: growth rate in early childhood is slower than that of infancy and is accompanied by a reduced appetite between the ages of 2 and 6
True
By age 3, the brain is at ~_______ its adult weight
75%
By age 6, the brain is at ________ its adult weight
95%
Corpus Callosum
A dense band of fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain
What happens with the corpus callosum during the ages 3-6?
The corpus callosum undergoes a growth spurt between ages 3 and 6, and this results in improved coordination between right and left hemisphere tasks
True or False: early childhood is the time period when most children acquire the basic skills for locomotion, such as running, jumping, and skipping, and object control skills, such as throwing, catching, and kicking
True
How does children’s art show progress during development?
Changes in a child’s drawing abilities are a function of improvement in motor skills, perceptual development, and cognitive understanding of the world
When does toilet training typically occur?
During the first two years of early childhood (24-36 months)
What are some elimination disorders that would need intervention by a child’s pediatrician?
- Enuresis
- Encopresis
Enuresis
Elimination disorder characterized by repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes (involuntary or intentional)
Encopresis
Elimination disorder characterized by repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places (involuntary or intentional)
True or False: malnutrition by an imbalanced diet is an issue in the United States
True
What are some tips for establishing healthy eating habits in children?
- Recognize that appetite varies
- Keep it pleasant
- No short order chefs (don’t go off making different meals)
- Limit choices
- Serve balanced meals
- Do not bribe
Preoperational Stage
Piaget’s stage among 2-7 year olds where children use symbols to represent words, images, and ideas
Operational
Logical manipulation of information
What are the two stages of the preoperational period?
- Symbolic function substage
- Intuitive thought substage
Symbolic Function Substage
Occurs between 2 and 4 years of age and is characterized by the child being able to mentally represent an object that is not present and a dependence on perception in problem solving
Intuitive Thought Substage
Lasting from 4 to 7 years and is marked by greater dependence on intuitive thinking rather than just perception
Why Piaget thought that pretend play is important during the preoperational stage?
Piaget believed that children’s pretend play helped children solidify new schemata they were developing cognitively and this play, then, reflected changes in their conceptions or thoughts
Egocentrism
Tendency of young children not to be able to take the perspective of others, and instead the child thinks that everyone sees, thinks, and feels just as they do
Conservation
Ability to recognize that moving or rearranging matter does not change the quantity
