chapter 4

Question 1

Interneurons

Answer 1

Exist entirely within the central nervous system and carry messages from one set of neurons to another

Question 2

sensory neurons

Answer 2

carry information from sensory organs into the central nervous system

Question 3

motor neurons

Answer 3

carry messages out from the central nervous system to operate muscles and glands

Question 4

neuron

Answer 4

cell body, dendrites and an axon

Question 5

cell body

Answer 5

widest part of the neuron. contains the cell nucleus and other basic machinery common to all body cells.

Question 6

dendrites

Answer 6

thin, tubelike extensions that branch extensively and dunction to receive input to the neuron.

can respond to sensory signals such as sound waves in the ear or touch on the skin

Question 7

axon

Answer 7

thin, tubelike extension from the body cell
carry messages to other neurons or motor cells. extremely long

Question 8

action potentials

Answer 8

neuron exert their influence on other neurons and muscle cells by firing off all-or-none impulses

Question 9

cell membran

Answer 9

skin that permits certain chemicals to flow into and out of the cell while blocking others.

Question 10

resting potential

Answer 10

charge across the membrane of an inactive neuron

Question 11

synapse

Answer 11

junction between each axon terminal and the cell body or dendrite of the receiving neuron

Question 12

neurotransmitter

Answer 12

when an action potential reaches an axon terminal it causes the terminal to release packets of a chemical substance

Question 13

neurogenesis

Answer 13

process of creating new neurons

Question 14

mirror neurons

Answer 14

believed to help us behave in ways that mirror what we observe or experience

Question 15

cerebral cortex

Answer 15

largest area of your brain. is the outer layer that lies on top of your cerebrum.

Question 16

cranial nerves

Answer 16

project directly from the brain

Question 17

spinal nerves

Answer 17

project from the spinal cord.

Question 18

brainstem

Answer 18

as it enters the head, spinal cord enlarges and becomes the brainstem.

Question 19

cerebellum

Answer 19

little brain in latin,

Question 20

basal ganglia

Answer 20

interconnected structures lying of each side of the thalamus.

Question 21

thalamus

Answer 21

seated squarly in the middle of the brain, rely station that connects various parts of the brain with one another

Question 22

limbic system

Answer 22

border dividing the evolutionarily older parts of the brain below it from the newest part

Question 23

amygdala

Answer 23

one of the two parts of the brain that affect how people feel emotions, especially fear and pleasure

Question 24

hippocampus

Answer 24

encodes certain kinds of memories

Question 25

hypothalamus

Answer 25

positioned directly underneath the thalamus, help to regulate the internal environment of the body

Question 26

cerebral cortex