Chapter 4 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Properties of alkanes
- not reactive
- high temp cracking
- can undergo combustion
What are Alkanes
Hydrocarbons with only single bonds to H and C, using SP3 carbons
Relation between Alkyl and Alkanes
Alkyls are Alkanes minus 1 hydrogen
Physical properties of Alkanes
- Hydrophobic
- Less dense than H2O (0.7)
- BP (MP) increases as MW increases
utility of Alkanes
Used as Fuels and solvents
reactions of hydrocarbons
- Combustion
- Cracking (large MW hydrocarbons —> smaller MW)
- Halogen (CH4 + Cl2 + Light)
Shape of Hydrocarbons
- Linear = SP hybridized
- Planar = SP2 Hybridized
- Tetrahedral = SP3 hybridized
What shape are 3 ring and 4 ring molecules?
planar
Shape of cyclopropane
triangle
Shape of cyclobutene
Square
shape of cyclopentane
pentagon
shape of cyclohexane
Hexagon
Properties of cyclohexenes
- nonpolar
- BP (MP) increases as MW increases
How are carbons numbered
start top right, go clockwise
staggered newman projections
low E, can see molecules in the back
Eclipsed Newman Projections
High energy, molecules in the back are stacked
What gives the base name of Alkanes
The main (longest) chain of continuous carbon atoms
when numbering the main chain where do you start?
start from carbon nearest to the first substituent
What is the substituent group called?
Alkyl group
How to organize substituents
- 2 or more different alkyls are listed in alphabetical order
- 2 or more of the same alkyl use prefixes (di, tri, etc)
