Chapter 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Total hand, wrist, finger bones
A
27
2
Q
Digits
A
14, # starts from thumb (1), index (2), etc
3
Q
Radius side
A
Side with thumb
4
Q
Ulnar side
A
Pinky side
5
Q
Singularly digits called
A
phalanx- head, body, base
6
Q
Metacarpal
A
Bones of palm (5)- head, body, base
7
Q
Carpals
A
8 wrist bones
8
Q
Steve left the party to take Carol home
A
scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate
9
Q
Scaphoid
A
Navicular, most fractured, articulates with radius
10
Q
Lunate
A
Semilunate, articulates with radius
11
Q
Triquetrum
A
Cuniform, articulates with pisiform
12
Q
Pisiform
A
Smallest carpal bone, articulates with triquetrum
13
Q
Trapezium
A
Greater Multtangular
14
Q
Trapezoid
A
Lesser multangular
15
Q
Capitate
A
Largest carpal bone- OS magnum
16
Q
Hamate
A
Uncifor- hook like process called hamulus
17
Q
IP
A
Interphalangeal Joints
18
Q
DIP
A
Distal interphalangeal joints
19
Q
PIP
A
Proximal Interphalangeal Joints
20
Q
MCP
A
Metacarpophalangeal Joint
21
Q
CMC
A
Carpometacarpal Joints
22
Q
Radius
A
Thumb side, shorter of 2 forearm bones. Turns the wrist.
23
Q
Styloid Process
A
Projections on distal ends of radius and ulna
24
Q
Ulnar Notch
A
Medial side of radius. Head of ulna fits into this notch.
25
Head of radius
proximal end of radius
26
Ulna
Pinky side, formation of the elbow joint
27
Pointy process of proximal ulna
Olecranon, Coronoid
28
Coronoid tubercle
Process on medial side
29
Trochlear Notch
articulates with distal end of humerus
30
Radial Notch
depression on lateral ulna
31
humeral condyle
distal end of humerus
32
trochlea
articulates with ulna, shaped like a pulley
33
Capitulum
articulates with head of radius
34
Lateral epicondyles
small projection on later humerus
35
Medial epicondyles
Larger of 2 condyles, more prominent on medial
36
Coronoid & Radial fossas
Coronoid process & radial head fits into when arm is flexed
37
Olecranon fossa
posterior side of humerus, sits on olecranon process when arm is extended
38
Ulnar deviation
Scaphoid or navicular view- open bones on radial side
39
Radial deviation
Open wrist bones on ulnar side
40
Why are forearms most done AP
Radial & Ulnar bones cross
41
Trick to use PA wrist to get bones closer to film
Make a fist
42
Fat pads
Indicate disease of injury. Result of excess fluid, slightly darker than surrounding tissue, hard to see
43
Wrist fat pad
2- scaphoid fat stripe, pronator fat stripe
44
Elbow joint fat pad
3- Anterior, posterior, supinator
45
Fingers technique
60 KVP @ 1.5 MAS
46
Hand technique
60 KVP 2 MAS
47
Wrist technique
60 KVP @ 2.5 MAS
48
Forearm technique
65 KVP @ 3 MAS
49
Elbow technique
65 KVP @ 3 MAS
50
Humerus technique
70 KVP @ 6 MAS
51
Distance from film
40"
52
Pediatric patients
Less technique, held with tape or sponge
53
Casts
Increase exposure-
Small 5-7 KVP
Large 8-10 KVP
Fiberglass 3-4 KVP
54
Markers
Lateral side of body part
55
Other rules
Lengthwise, 2 joints for longbones, no grid, small focal spot
56
Fracture
Break in a bone
57
Contusion
Type of injury without a fracture or break in skin
58
Simple (closed) fracture
Bone doesn't break through the skin
59
Compound (open) fracture
Bone protrudes through skin
60
Incomplete (partial) fracture
fracture doesn't traverse through the entire bone
61
Complete fracture
Break is complete and includes the entire cross section of bone
62
Transverse fracture
Fracture line is tranverse at near right angle to long axis of bone
63
Oblique fracture
Line passes through bone at oblique angle
64
Spiral fracture
bone has been twisted apart and the fracture line is spiral shaped
65
Comminuted fracture
Bone is splintered or crushed resulting in 2 or more fragments
66
Avulsion fracture
Results from severe stress to a tendon or ligament in joint. Fragment of bone is separated/pulled away by attached tendon/ligament
67
Chip fracture
Fracture involving an isolated bone fragment
68
Tuft/Burst
Comminuted fracture of distal phalanx from crushing blow to distal finger
69
Epiphyseal fracture
Through epiphyseal plate. Easily fractured in long bone of children
70
Torus fracture
in children, a buckle of cortex with localized expansion of torus of cortex
71
Greenstick fracture
in children, incomplete fracture on one side cortex on 1 side of bone is broken and other side is bent
72
Open reduction
severe fractures with significant displacement or fragmentation- surgery required
73
Closed reduction
fractures in which the misalignment requires restoration to a normal position- done without surgery
74
baseball fracture
fracture of distal phalanx from a ball striking end of extended finger
75
barton's fracture
intra-articular fracture of posterior lip of distal radius
76
Bennett's fracture
longitudinal fracture at base of 1st metacarpal with fracture line entering the carpometacarpal joint
77
boxer's fracture
involves 5th distal metacarpal
78
colles fracture
fracture of adult wrist in which distal radius is fractured with distal fragment displaces posteriorly. fall on outstretched arm
79
carpal tunnel syndrome
compression of median nerve as it passes through center of wrist
80
joint effusion
accumulated fluid in joint cavity
81
osterarthritis (DJD)
non inflammatory joint disease- type of arthritis
82
osteopetrosis
abnormally dense bone- increase tech factors
83
osteoporosis
reduction in quantity of bone- decrease tech factors
84
rheumatoid arthritis
disease with inflammatory changes occurring throughout connective tissues- decrease tech factors
