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intro to networking > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How many bits are in IPv4?

A

32 bits

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2
Q

How many bit are in IPv6?

A

128 bits

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3
Q

Binary uses a base __ numbering system

A

2

where there are only two digits 0 and 1

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4
Q

Computer systems divide the 32 bit IPv4 addresses into how many parts

A

four 8 bit octets

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5
Q

Describe the table you can use to convert binary into decimals

A

eight columns representing the 8 bits in an octet

the column headings are the powers of 2 from 0 to 7

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6
Q

Why is the skill to convert binary into decimals and decimals into binary important?

A

it is a crucial part of subnetting

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7
Q

Explain how the table with the column headings of powers of 2 can aid in converting binary into decimals?

A

you insert the binary number into the table

then you add up the column heading values for the columns that contain the binary number 1

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8
Q

How do you convert decimal to binary?

A

You start with the decimal and ask yourself “Is this number equal to or greater than the column heading?”

If the answer is no, place a 0
and move to the next column

If the answer is yes, place a 1 and subtract the value of the column heading from the number you are converting

This process continues until you have filled the table with 1s and 0s.

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9
Q

In today’s networks, which the most popular layer 3 addressing scheme?

A

IPv4

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10
Q

When an IPv4 network device sends data on a network, it places both _____________and _________ in the packet’s IPv4 header.

A

a destination IP address
a source IP address

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11
Q

Rather than write out each individual bit value, you write the IPv4 address in what form?

A

in dotted-decimal notation.

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12
Q

What is dotted-decimal notation?

A

a method of writing an IPv4 address or subnet mask, where groups of 8 bit are separated by periods

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13
Q

An IP address is composed of two types of address. What are the two parts called?

A

network address and a host address

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14
Q

A group of contiguous left-justified bits represent what in an IP address?

A

network address

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15
Q

A group of contiguous right justified bits is called what in an IP address?

A

host on a network

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16
Q

The IP address component that determines which bit refer to the network and which refer to the host is called what?

A

subnet mask

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17
Q

A subnet mask typically consist of what?

A

contiguous 1s followed by a set of contiguous 0s

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18
Q

all the 1s in a subnet represent what?

A

network bits

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19
Q

all the 0s in a subnet represent what?

A

host bits

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20
Q

To know the network address, you need to know the subnet mask, which could be written in dotted-decimal notation or in ____.

A

prefix notation also known as slash notation

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21
Q

what is prefix notation?

A

A method of indicating how many bits are in a subnet mask.

Also known as a slash notation
Ex. /24

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22
Q

The default subnet mask for a given IP address is solely determined by what?

A

the value in the IP address’s first octet

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23
Q

A value of 1-126 in the first octet means that the IP address is class what?

A

A

24
Q

A value of 128-191 in the first octet means that the IP address is class what?

A

B

25
Q

A value of 192-223 in the first octet means that the IP address is class what?

A

C

26
Q

A value of 224-239 in the first octet means that the IP address is class what?

A

D

27
Q

A value of 240-255 in the first octet means that the IP address is class what?

A

E

28
Q

What is a classful masks?

A

default subnet mask given to a class

29
Q

What is class A classful mask in dotted decimal notation and in prefix notation?

A

255.0.0.0
/8

30
Q

What is class B classful mask in dotted decimal notation and in prefix notation?

A

255.255.0.0
/16

31
Q

What is class C classful mask in dotted decimal notation and in prefix notation?

A

255.255.255.0
/24

32
Q

Class A, B, and C addresses are assigned to what?

A

network devices

33
Q

Class D addresses are used as …

A

destination IP addresses for multicast networks

34
Q

Class E addresses are for what?

A

experimental use

35
Q

why is the number 127 skipped and not part of any class?(first octet value)

A

127 is used for loopback

36
Q

What is loopback?

A

An logical (virtual) interface on a network device that is often used for testing purposes

37
Q

What nonprofit corporation globally manages publicly routable IP addresses?

A

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

38
Q

How does ICANN assign IP addresses?

A

they assign a block of IP addresses to a regional Internet registry

one example of a regional Internet registry is the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)

39
Q

One solution to accommodating lots of devices and the need for IP addresses is to use private IP addressing within an organization, in combination with _______.

A

Network Address Translation (NAT)

40
Q

What is NAT?

A

network address translation is a technology that allows private IP addresses to be translated into Internet-routable IP addresses.

41
Q

What is Class A’s address range for private IP?

A

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

42
Q

What is Class B’s address range for private IP?

A

172.16.0.0 - 172.32.255.255
169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255

43
Q

What is Class C’s address range for private IP?

A

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

44
Q

Which private IP address range is not routable and why?

A

Addresses in this range are only usable on their local subnet and are dynamically assigned to network host using Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

45
Q

What is the three categories of IPv4 addresses that is a must to know?(according to the book)

A

unicast
broadcast
multicast

46
Q

Most network traffic is unicast in nature. What does this mean?

A

A one-to-one communication flow

47
Q

Describe broadcast traffic flow

A

broadcast traffic travels from a single source to all destinations on a network

48
Q

What is directed broadcast address?

A

targets all devices in a remote network

49
Q

Describe why multicast technology is useful?

A

if a network has 100 users and 20 of those need to receive a video stream

unicast - you would have to send one by one (too much bandwidth consumed and it is a burden)

broadcast - everyone gets the video stream

multicast- send the video stream only once and sending the video stream only
to devices on the network that want to receive the stream.

50
Q

Multicast is possible because of the use of a Class _ address.

A

D

51
Q

If traffic is destined for a different subnet than the subnet on which the traffic originates, what is needed?

A

a default gateway

52
Q

What is a default gateway?

A

The IP address of a router to which a network device sends traffic destined for a subnet other than the device’s local subnet

a default gateway routes traffic from the sender’s subnet toward the destination subnet

53
Q

What does FQDNs stand for?

A

fully qualified domain names

54
Q

FQDNs are used for what?

A

end users typically type these names to reach the destination which they want to connect too instead of IP address

55
Q

A Domain Name System (DNS) translates FQDNs into what?

A

corresponding IP address

56
Q
A

intro to networking (11 decks)

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